Figure 5

Macroscopic damage to larvae and adults of Drosophila suzukii after treatment with essential oils (EOs) from leaves of Baccharis spp. and limonene (40×). (I,II) No color change or deformity was observed in D. suzukii larvae and adults 2 h after the treatments (control group). (I) (a,b) swelling of L3 epithelial cells treated with limonene and Baccharis trimera, respectively. (I) (c,d) darkening in the respiratory filaments of L3 treated with B. calvescens and Baccharis oblongifolia, respectively. (I) (e–h) diffuse pigmentation in the cuticle of L3 treated with B. anomala, B. mesoneura, B. milleflora, and B. uncinella. (I) (h,i) deformations and skin flakes of L3 treated with B. calvescens and B. oblongifolia. (II) (a,b) emergence and incomplete development following treatment with B. anomala and limonene. (II) (c–g) deformities in the abdomen and wings treated with B. mesoneura, B. milleflora, B. oblongifolia, B. uncinella, and limonene. (II) (c–e); (g) leg deformities treated with B. anomala, B. mesoneura, B. uncinella, and limonene. (I) (d) deformities in the pronotum treated with B. oblongifolia. All larvae and adults were assessed at a discriminatory concentration of 8% of EOs.