Figure 1

(a) cumulative case rates at week 34 at English MSOA level (N = 6791); (b) statistically significant localised hot and cold spots for higher and lower cumulative COVID-19 cases at MSOA resolution at week 34 of 2020 using the Getis-Ord Gi* localised clustering statistic; (c) Box plot of mobility by MSOA and week; (d) cumulative mobility loss (darker red indicates lower mobility loss) by MSOA in England (n = 6791) from week 9 to 14 of 2020; (e) statistically significant localised hot and cold spots for higher and lower cumulative mobility loss at MSOA resolution from week 9 to 14 of 2020 using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. Maps constructed using ArcGIS 10.5 (https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/).