Table 3 Stratified analysis for association of AR to DM regarding to age group, urban residency, comorbid, BMI, and menopause. (N = 29,112).

From: Bi-directional association between allergic rhinitis and diabetes mellitus from the national representative data of South Korea

Subgroup (N of men/women)

AR → DM (N = 29,112)

Men (N = 12,397)

Women (N = 16,715)

No DM

DM

OR*

(95% CI)

No DM

DM

OR*

(95% CI)

Age group

Aged 30–46 years (N = 4082/5475)

No AR (ref)

3365

97

0.23

(0.08–0.72)

4195

64

0.37

(0.16–0.86)

AR

612

8

1203

13

Aged 47–61 years (N = 3899/5464)

No AR (ref)

3128

419

0.37

(0.21–0.66)

4426

341

0.32

(0.19–0.53)

AR

323

29

675

22

Aged at least 62 years (N = 4416/5776)

No AR (ref)

3251

921

0.20

(0.11–0.37)

4291

1126

0.29

(0.19–0.45)

AR

223

21

326

33

Residency†

Rural (N = 4009/5231)

No AR (ref)

3156

512

0.23

(0.10–0.53)

4082

521

0.41

(0.24–0.71)

AR

323

18

608

20

Urban (N = 8388/11,484)

No AR (ref)

6588

925

0.31

(0.19–0.49)

8830

1010

0.31

(0.21–0.46)

AR

835

40

1596

48

Comorbidity‡

No comorbidity (N = 6050/7280)

No AR (ref)

5182

286

0.31

(0.13–0.72)

6088

198

0.26

(0.11–0.64)

AR

569

13

987

7

Comorbid (N = 6347/9435)

No AR (ref)

4562

1151

0.27

(0.17–0.42)

6824

1333

0.36

(0.25–0.51)

AR

589

45

1217

61

BMI group§

Underweight/normal range (BMI < 23.0) (N = 3294/7670)

No AR (ref)

3294

444

0.15

(0.05–0.44)

6067

408

0.33

(0.18–0.59)

AR

384

12

1176

19

Overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 23.0) (N = 8236/8003)

No AR (ref)

6427

992

0.34

(0.22–0.52)

6813

118

0.33

(0.22–0.47)

AR

771

46

1025

47

Menopausal status||

Pre-menopause (N = 0/8384)

No AR (ref)

N/A

6526

334

0.34

(0.20–0.55)

AR

1505

19

Menopause (N = 0/8163)

No AR (ref)

6284

1153

0.32

(0.22–0.45)

AR

691

35

  1. AR allergic rhinitis, DM diabetes mellitus, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index.
  2. *Adjusted for age, family income, education status, marital status, smoking, drinking frequency, sleep deprivation, dyslipidemia, BMI category (cut-off: 23.0 kg/m2), and the number of comorbidities.
  3. †Urban includes Seoul, other metropolitan cities, and the district which grade is ‘Dong’ in Gyeon-gi province. The other area is rural.
  4. ‡Comorbid is defined as status that get more one disease, including liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, C, chronic renal failure, macular degeneration, glaucoma, cataract, otitis media, sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, major depression, cancers (thyroid, lung, endocervical, breast, large intestine, liver, stomach, and others 1, 2), thyroid benign disease, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, arthritis, myocardial infarction or angina, stroke, and hypertension.
  5. §BMI classified according to Asian-Pacific criteria defined by World Health Organization.
  6. ||Menopause includes natural and artificial menopause. The other status is all pre-menopause.
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