Table 1 Macroscopic and radiographic diagnosis of thalassemia in Man Bac individuals.

Age (years)

30–39

0

1.5

2

0.5

12

Sex

Male

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

Diagnostic criteria

Marrow hyperplasia of the facial bones: maxillae-leading to ventral displacement of central incisors, zygomatic bones-leading to orbital displacement, and/or mandible (rodent facies deformity) (SD)

A

N/A

P

P

P

P

Radiographic: “rib-within-a-rib” appearance. Radiographically defined sclerotic bands within the ribs due to extramedullary hematopoiesis (SD)

P

A

P

P

A

Poor or lack of pneumatization of the paranasal and cranial sinuses sparing the ethmoid sinuses (D)

A

N/A

P

A**

A

P

Enlarged tubular bones of the hands and feet due to marrow hyperplasia (infants) sometimes associated with enlarged nutrient foramina or Radiographic: coarse trabecular patterns of the hands or feet, sometimes associated with cyst-like lucencies due to focal collection of hyperplasic marrow (D)

P

N/A

N/A

N/A

A

N/A

Premature fusion of epiphyseal plates particularly of the proximal humerus and distal femur, often causing short long bone maximum length (D)

A

A

A

A

A

N/A

Widening of entire rib, or widening of the rib head and neck with pronounced bulbous appearance posteriorly (costal osteomas). Associated with radiograph appearance of erosion of the inner cortex (D)

P

A

A

A

P

A

Diagnosis

Probable

Possible

Probable

Probable

Probable

Probable