Table 3 Comparison of visceral fat depth, subcutaneous fat depth, and early pregnancy BMI between groups defined by neonatal outcomes.

From: Associations of ultrasound estimated early mid pregnancy visceral and subcutaneous fat depths and early pregnancy BMI with adverse neonatal outcomes

 

Visceral fat depth (mm)

Subcutaneous fat depth (mm)

BMI (kg/m2)

Neonatal outcomes

N

%

Mean (± SD)

P

Mean (± SD)

P

Mean (± SD)

P

Hypoglycemia

Yes

64

2.3

46.9 (18.2)

0.213

19.6 (8.0)

0.010

26.5 (5.1)

0.032

No

2707

97.7

44.4 (16.2)

 

17.1 (7.7)

 

25.1 (5.0)

 

Composite outcomea

Yes

137

6.6

45.7 (16.8)

0.576

18.7 (8.2)

0.042

26.3 (5.4)

0.006

No

1940

93.4

44.9 (16.6)

 

17.3 (7.8)

 

25.1 (5.1)

 

Apgar < 7 at 5 min of age

Yes

42

1.6

44.5 (15.0)

0.888

17.4 (7.7)

0.939

25.5 (5.3)

0.651

No

2593

98.4

44.8 (16.3)

 

17.3 (7.7)

 

25.2 (5.1)

 

Umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.0

Yes

19

0.9

42.0 (16.7)

0.483

15.6 (6.3)

0.483

25.1 (3.5)

0.937

No

2099

99.1

44.7 (16.6)

 

17.3 (7.8)

 

25.2 (5.1)

 

Admission to NICU

Yes

99

3.6

46.8 (16.7)

0.139

19.8 (8.4)

0.001

26.7 (5.7)

0.007

No

2672

96.4

44.3 (16.2)

 

17.1 (7.6)

 

25.1 (5.0)

 
  1. Data were analyzed using t-tests. Significant results are in bold.
  2. NICU neonatal intensive care unit, BMI body mass index.
  3. aApgar < 7 at 5 min of age, or umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.0, or admission to NICU.
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