Table 4 Associations between early mid pregnancy visceral fat depth, subcutaneous fat depth, early pregnancy BMI, and outcomes.

From: Associations of ultrasound estimated early mid pregnancy visceral and subcutaneous fat depths and early pregnancy BMI with adverse neonatal outcomes

Outcome

Visceral fat depth

Subcutaneous fat depth

BMI

Unadjusted model

Adjusted modelb

Unadjusted model

Adjusted modelb

Unadjusted model

Adjusted modelc

OR

CI

P

OR

CI

P

OR

CI

P

OR

CI

P

OR

CI

P

OR

CI

P

Neonatal hypoglycemia

1.05

0.97–1.13

0.215

1.01

0.93–1.10

0.849

1.20

1.04–1.38

0.013

1.11

0.91–1.36

0.307

1.05

1.00–1.09

0.033

1.05

1.01–1.10

0.024

Composite outcomea

1.01

0.96–1.07

0.618

0.97

0.91–1.03

0.296

1.10

1.00– 1.23

0.061

1.00

0.86–1.15

0.942

1.04

1.01–1.08

0.007

1.05

1.01–1.08

0.005

Apgar < 7 at 5 min of age

0.99

0.90–1.09

0.835

0.96

0.86–1.07

0.460

1.03

0.85–1.24

0.798

0.95

0.73- 1.24

0.717

1.01

0.96–1.07

0.651

1.02

0.96–1.08

0.571

Umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.0

0.95

0.83–1.10

0.499

0.95

0.81- 1.12

0.553

0.83

0.60–1.15

0.260

0.71

0.46–1.11

0.129

1.00

0.91–1.09

0.937

1.00

0.91–1.09

0.959

Admission to NICU

1.05

0.99–1.11

0.146

1.00

0.93–1.07

0.911

1.22

1.08–1.36

0.001

1.14

0.97–1.34

0.125

1.06

1.02–1.09

0.002

1.06

1.02–1.10

0.001

  1. Data are odds ratios (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) for the change in outcome per 5 mm increase in fat depth and per unit increase in BMI (kg/m2).
  2. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Significant results are in bold.
  3. NICU neonatal intensive care unit, BMI body mass index.
  4. aApgar < 7 at 5 min of age, or umbilical artery pH ≤ 7.0, or admission to NICU.
  5. bAdjustments in the model: early pregnancy BMI, age, smoking at first antenatal visit, parity, and country of birth.
  6. cAdjustments in the model: age, smoking at first antenatal visit, parity, and country of birth.
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