Table 1 Feeding phases (mean ± standard error of the mean) of Dysaphis plantaginea feeding on plants belonging to the three Malus sylvestris populations (i.e., Danish, French and Romanian, hereafter referred to as “Syl_Dk”, “Syl_Fr”, “Syl_Ro”, respectively) and to the Malus domestica genepool (“Dom”).

General probing behavior and pathway phase

(n = 25)

(n = 27)

(n = 27)

(n = 27)

 1. Time to first probe (min)

0.68 (NS)

20.67 ± 6.52

22.77 ± 7.00

14.67 ± 2.56

25.88 ± 6.12

 2. Total duration of probing (Pr) (min)

0.60 (NS)

374.66 ± 12.55

361.50 ± 10.83

377.63 ± 11.31

359.90 ± 11.13

 3. Number of probes (Pr)

0.14 (NS)

11.44 ± 1.26

12.96 ± 1.98

12.78 ± 1.50

13.70 ± 1.37

 4. Total duration of pathway phase (C) (min)

0.37 (NS)

218.08 ± 17.05

250.30 ± 11.53

228.86 ± 12.47

217.33 ± 16.81

 5. Number of pathway phases (C)

0.14 (NS)

16.32 ± 1.42

18.96 ± 1.98

17.56 ± 1.40

18.19 ± 1.32

Phloem phase

(n = 21)

(n = 22)

(n = 20)

(n = 20)

 6. Total duration of phloem salivation (E1) (min)

< 0.001(***)

9.09 ± 1.62 a

3.04 ± 0.59 b

2.58 ± 0.46 b

8.28 ± 1.62 a

 7. Number of phloem salivation (E1)

< 0.001(***)

4.80 ± 0.76 a

3.22 ± 0.53 bc

2.52 ± 0.51 c

4.07 ± 0.68 ab

(n = 19)

(n = 20)

(n = 18)

(n = 19)

 8. Time to first phloem ingestion (E2) (min)

0.48 (NS)

174.38 ± 25.13

230.56 ± 28.55

253.90 ± 30.16

183.95 ± 20.93

 9. Total duration of phloem sap ingestion (E2) (min)

0.008 (**)

91.39 ± 18.68 a

32.25 ± 7.44 b

71.15 ± 19.19ab

86.75 ± 18.04 a

 10. Number of phloem ingestion (E2)

0.006 (**)

3.24 ± 0.57 a

2.37 ± 0.42 ab

1.96 ± 0.38 b

3.19 ± 0.57 a

Other phases

(n = 5)

(n = 0)

(n = 2)

(n = 2)

 11. Total duration of xylem ingestion (G) (min)

–

134.85 ± 52.83

–

50.04 ± 24.70

39.07 ± 12.62

(n = 13)

(n = 14)

(n = 10)

(n = 12)

 12. Total duration of stylet derailment (F) (min)

0.59 (NS)

82.76 ± 13.23

93.28 ± 10.06

108.66 ± 19.94

109.42 ± 23.26