Table 1 Patient characteristics and results of urinalysis according to the urine culture results.
From: Prediction of urine culture results by automated urinalysis with digital flow morphology analysis
Variablea | Urine culture-no growth or contamination | Urine culture-positive | P-value | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
35,421 (82.9%) | 7292 (17.1%) | 42,713 (100.0%) | ||
Age (year) | 55 (24–69) | 58 (19–74) | < 0.0001 | 56 (24–70) |
Age group with high risk for UTI | 12,636 (35.7%) | 3883 (53.3%) | < 0.0001 | 16,519 (38.7%) |
Male | 19,171 (54.1%) | 2464 (33.8%) | < 0.0001 | 21,635 (50.7%) |
Hospitalization | 24,901 (70.3%) | 5135 (70.4%) | 0.8388 | 30,036 (70.3%) |
Difference in reception time between urinalysis and urine culture (minute) | 0.3 (0.1–18.2) | 0.3 (0.1–22.9) | 0.5109 | 0.3 (0.1–19.1) |
Time to report results of urinalysis (minute) | 23.0 (16.0–33.7) | 23.5 (16.3–34.7) | < 0.0017 | 23.1 (16.1–33.8) |
Difference in report time between urinalysis and urine culture (hour) | 36.8 (22.8–56.5) | 60.6 (45.5–82.4) | < 0.0001 | 39.8 (23.7–62.7) |
Time to report results of urine culture (hour) | 36.7 (23.0–56.2) | 60.6 (45.6–82.5) | < 0.0001 | 39.8 (23.9–62.6) |
Test strip analysis | ||||
Specific gravity | 1.015 (1.010–1.021) | 1.013 (1.008–1.018) | < 0.0001 | 1.015 (1.009–1.021) |
pH | 6.0 (5.0–6.5) | 6.0 (5.5–7.0) | < 0.0001 | 6.0 (5.0–6.5) |
Protein | Trace (Negative–Trace) | Trace (Negative–1 +) | < 0.0001 | Trace (Negative–1 +) |
Glucose | Negative (Negative–Negative) | Negative (Negative–Negative) | 0.1894 | Negative (Negative–Negative) |
Blood/red blood cell | Negative (Negative–Trace) | Trace (Negative–1 +) | < 0.0001 | Negative (Negative–Trace) |
Nitrite | Negative (Negative–Negative) | Negative (Negative–1 +) | < 0.0001 | Negative (Negative–Negative) |
Leukocyte esterase | Negative (Negative–Negative) | 2 + (Negative–3 +) | < 0.0001 | Negative (Negative–1 +) |
Digital flow morphology analysis (× 106/L) | ||||
Red blood cell | 5 (2–14) | 12 (3–53) | < 0.0001 | 5 (2–18) |
White blood cell | 6 (2–16) | 76 (9–573) | < 0.0001 | 7 (3–26) |
Epithelial cell | 1 (0–3) | 2 (0–7) | < 0.0001 | 1 (0–4) |
Cast | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0–0) |
Bacteria | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–13) | < 0.0001 | 0 (0–1) |
Urine culture results | No growth, 23,454 (66.2%) | Single pathogen, 6506 (89.2%) | ||
Possible contamination, 8260 (23.3%) | Single pathogen with possible pathogen below the threshold, 325 (4.5%) | |||
Single possible pathogen below the threshold, 1894 (5.3%) | Single pathogen with single normal flora, 241 (3.3%) | |||
Single normal flora, 1,259 (3.6%) | Two pathogens, 220 (3.0%) | |||
Miscellaneous, 554 (1.6%) | ||||
