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Figure 1

From: Third generation cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam have distinct impacts on the microbiota of critically ill patients

Figure 1

Alpha diversity of microbial communities of the 3GC, TZP and control groups presented as (A) Shannon diversity and (B) Simpson’s evenness indices, (3GC-third-generation cephalosporins, TZP-piperacillin/tazobactam, control-no β-lactams). Both alpha diversity indices were determined using microbial abundance at the OTU level. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Dots represent individual samples for endotracheal, faecal and perineal microbiota of each patient. Samples collected within and after 48 h of antibiotic administration (3GC and TZP groups) or ICU admission (control group) are shown. Diversity indices of microbiota samples collected between day 6 and 11 are shown in red. Significance was determined by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests with Geisser-Greenhouse correction (* P < 0.05) using GraphPad Prism (version 9, GraphPad Software, USA, www.graphpad.com). Detailed information on sample size per treatment group are provided in Supplementary Table S1.

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