Figure 4

Lipocalin-2 serum concentrations in Stable-LTX predict future onset of CLAD and BOS. Stable-LTX patients with high Lipocalin-2 serum concentrations were significantly more likely to develop CLAD during follow-up compared to those with low Lipocalin-2 concentrations (A). Higher Lipocalin-2 serum concentrations in Stable-LTX patients resulted in worse OS during follow-up (B). High Activin-A serum concentrations were also associated with higher CLAD onset rates in Stable-LTX patients (C). Higher serum concentrations of Activin-A where significantly associated with the onset of CLAD subtype BOS (D). High MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios translated to higher BOS onset rates compared to low MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratios in Stable-LTX patients (E). LTX Lung transplantation, CLAD chronic lung allograft dysfunction, RAS restrictive allograft syndrome, BOS bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9, TIMP-1 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1.