Table 3 Risk of death within 30 days, death within 1 year and recurrent MI within 1 year among former and current smokers compared to never smokers in STEMI patients.

From: Association between smoking status and outcomes in myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

 

Death within 30 days

Death within 1 year

Recurrent MI within 1 year

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR* (95% CI)

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR* (95% CI)

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR* (95% CI)

Overall

Never smoker

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Former smoker

0.68 (0.54–0.86)

0.86 (0.62–1.20)

0.87 (0.73–1.04)

1.19 (0.94–1.52)

1.07 (0.82–1.41)

1.21 (0.87–1.68)

Current smoker

0.50 (0.43–0.59)

0.84 (0.64–1.10)

0.50 (0.44–0.57)

1.00 (0.80–1.24)

1.01 (0.84–1.23)

1.39 (1.06–1.81)

P interaction between race and smoking status

0.388

0.474

0.152

0.386

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Chinese

Never smoker

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Former smoker

0.79 (0.60–1.04)

1.01 (0.68–1.50)

0.95 (0.76–1.18)

1.23 (0.92–1.64)

1.16 (0.80–1.69)

1.22 (0.78–1.90)

Current smoker

0.54 (0.44–0.67)

0.90 (0.64–1.25)

0.56 (0.47–0.66)

1.09 (0.84–1.42)

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

1.57 (1.09–2.27)

Malay

Never smoker

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Former smoker

0.40 (0.23–0.71)

0.46 (0.20–1.06)

0.59 (0.40–0.86)

1.08 (0.62–1.87)

0.95 (0.56–1.62)

1.23 (0.63–2.40)

Current smoker

0.41 (0.29–0.59)

0.55 (0.29–1.05)

0.35 (0.26–0.47)

0.74 (0.44–1.24)

0.72 (0.48–1.08)

1.02 (0.61–1.71)

Indian

Never smoker

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

1.00 (ref)

Former smoker

0.76 (0.40–1.42)

1.12 (0.38–3.28)

0.95 (0.58–1.56)

1.40 (0.67–2.95)

1.01 (0.56–1.84)

1.13 (0.51–2.49)

Current smoker

0.44 (0.28–0.69)

1.40 (0.61–3.21)

0.47 (0.32–0.69)

1.17 (0.61–2.22)

0.95 (0.64–1.40)

1.37 (0.75–2.49)

  1. *Adjusted for race, age, gender, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, history of hyperlipidemia, history of AMI/CABG/PCI, body mass index, Killip class on admission, CPR in ambulance/ED, anterior infarct, serum creatinine on admission, haemoglobin on admission, symptom-to-balloon time, inpatient left ventricular ejection fraction.
  2. **AMI acute myocardial infarction, CABG coronary artery bypass surgery, CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation, ED emergency department, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
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