Table 1 Overview of various 2D vdW crystals and their applications in the infrared photonic devices, namely polarizer and polarization rotator.

Graphene nanoribbon¹⁸

100–450 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

Requires nano-patterning

Not reported

\(-6\)°–18°¹⁸

Black Phosphorus¹⁸

1200–\(2600\,\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

Unstable in air³⁸

ER \(\ge 9\) dB³⁹

0°–10°¹⁸

h-BN²⁹

780–\(830\;\hbox {cm}^{-1}\); 1370–\(1610\;\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

Requires tilted optical axis or nanopatterning

ER \(\ge 14\) dB⁴⁰; T.E. \(\ge 90\%\); B/W: \(1.15\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

Not reported

\(\hbox {WTe}_2\)^31,32

427–623 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

Hyperbolic below 200 K temperature³¹

Not reported

Not reported

\(\hbox {MoTe}_2\)³³

Tunable in visible and near IR

Requires monolayer

Not reported

Not reported

\(\alpha\)-\(\hbox {MoO}_3^{\mathrm{this\,work}}\)

545–850 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\); 820–972 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\); 958–1006 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

None

ER \(\ge 30\) dB; T.E. \(\ge\) 70%; B/W: \(3.24\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

0°–90°; \(62\%\ge \hbox {T.E.}\ge 30\%\); B/W: \(0.76\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

\(\alpha\)-\(\hbox {V}_2\) \(\hbox {O}_5^{\mathrm{this\,work}}\)

506–842 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\); 765–952 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\); 976–1037 \(\hbox {cm}^{-1}\)

None

ER \(\ge 30\) dB; T.E. \(\ge\) 55%; B/W: \(2.84\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)

0°–90°; \(42\%\ge \hbox {T.E.}\ge 20\%\); B/W: \(1.50\,\upmu \hbox {m}\)