Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Caffeine protects against stress-induced murine depression through activation of PPARγC1α-mediated restoration of the kynurenine pathway in the skeletal muscle

Figure 3

Caffeine administration induced KATs in skeletal muscles of CMS-exposed mice. Skeletal muscles were sampled from the mice in each group, as shown in Fig. 2. KAT1 protein levels in the skeletal muscle were analysed by western blotting (a), and their relative levels were normalised to the transcript level of β-actin (b). Total RNA was extracted from each muscle sample, followed by RT-qPCR for Pgc-1α (c), Kat1 (c), Kat2 (c), Kat3 (c), Kat4 (c), Ido1 (d), Ido2 (d), Tdo1 (d), Tdo2 (d), Kmo (d), and Kynu (d). Eight mice were used in control and CMS group, and nine mice were used in CMS + caf group. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Similar results were obtained in two independent experiments. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

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