Table 3 Joint effects for chronic fatigue syndrome between peptic ulcer disease and chronic fatigue syndrome -associated risk factors.

From: How peptic ulcer disease could potentially lead to the lifelong, debilitating effects of chronic fatigue syndrome: an insight

Variable

N

No. of events

Rate#

Adjusted HR†

95% CI

None

32,540

152

0.49

1

(Reference)

Only peptic ulcer disease

18,917

196

1.07

2.22

(1.79, 2.74)***

Only diabetes

0

0

–

  

Only obesity

390

5

1.27

2.72

(1.11, 6.63)*

Only renal disease

1310

15

1.29

2.27

(1.33, 3.87)**

Only rheumatoid arthritis

61

0

0

  

Only HIV

17

0

0

  

Only malignancy

1729

3

0.24

0.45

(0.14, 1.43)

Only untreated hypothyroidism

172

2

1.15

2.27

(0.56, 9.19)

Only sleep apnea

223

0

0

  

Only narcolepsy

6

0

0

  

Only HBV

840

8

0.94

2.05

(1.01, 4.18)*

Only HCV

251

1

0.39

0.73

(0.10, 5.24)

Only depression

205

3

1.48

2.95

(0.94, 9.26)

Only anxiety

4154

34

0.82

1.53

(1.05, 2.23)*

Only bipolar affective disorders

23

0

0

  

Only schizophrenia

154

1

0.71

1.46

(0.21, 10.4)

Only delusional disorders

26

0

0

  

Only dementia

689

1

0.2

0.30

(0.04, 2.18)

Only anorexia or bulimia nervosa

18

0

0

  

Only alcohol or other substance abuse

91

2

2.19

4.79

(1.01, 1.02)*

PUD with any one comorbidity

17,566

202

1.21

2.34

(1.89, 2.89)***

PUD with any two or more comorbidity

19,011

247

1.36

2.52

(2.05, 3.10)***

  1. Rate# incidence rate.
  2. No., Number; 95% CI 95%, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PUD, peptic ulcer disease.
  3. Adjusted HR†: multivariable analysis including age, and sex.
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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