Table 3 Logistic regression analysis to investigate the association between dog walking and sleep in the SCAPIS cohort (Uppsala).

From: Association between pet ownership and sleep in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)

 

Majority of dog walking

About half of dog walking

Lesser part of dog walking

Non-dog owners

OR [95% CI], P

OR [95% CI], P

OR [95% CI], P

Odds of experiencing poor sleep quality (i.e., PSQI > 5)

No. of subjects

217

198

182

3175

PSQI > 5 (% group)

49.3

52.5

48.4

50.4

Fully adjusteda

0.81 [0.61,1.09], P = 0.17

1.06 [0.78,1.43], P = 0.71

0.86 [0.63,1.18], P = 0.34

1

Odds of having difficulty with initiating sleep at night

No. of subjects

261

228

217

3785

DIS (% group)

12.3

10.5

10.6

11.2

Fully adjusteda

0.93 [0.62,1.40], P = 0.74

0.90 [0.57,1.42], P = 0.74

0.86 [0.54,1.37], P = 0.53

1

Odds of having difficulty with staying asleep at night

No. of subjects

265

228

221

3802

DSA (% group)

45.7

40.8

33.5

38.7

Fully adjusteda

1.18 [0.92,1.53], P = 0.20

1.09 [0.83,1.45], P = 0.53

0.79[ 0.58,1.06], P = 0.11

1

Odds of sleeping < 7 h per day

No. of subjects

265

229

224

3833

 < 7 h/d (% group)

35.1

33.2

36.2

34.7

Fully adjusteda

0.94 [0.72,1.23], P = 0.65

0.90 [0.68,1.20], P = 0.47

0.97 [0.73,1.29], P = 0.82

1

  1. CI, confidence interval; DIS, difficulty initiating sleep; DSA, difficulty staying asleep; No., number; OR, odds ratio; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  2. aLogistic regression was adjusted for the following variables: sex, education, age, BMI, social interaction, regular physical activity, alcohol frequency, socio-economic stability, night shift work, diabetes, sleep apnea, constant stress, current smoking.