Figure 3

SEM path diagram for the effect of the climate and the population density on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Observed variables are represented by boxes, latent variable by an ellipse, and residual terms by circles. The values on the straight arrows between latent and observed variables and those between latent and observed indicators represent the standardized path coefficients and the factors loading, respectively. The values on the straight arrows between residual terms and observed variables represent the residual variance. The diagram was generated using Office Power Point software for Microsoft 365 (https://www.microsoft.com/it-it/microsoft-365/powerpoint). ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01.