Table 2 Bivariate analysis between the number of HD per month and sociodemographic, life habits, healthcare utilization, mental health and disability.

From: Impact of monthly headache days on anxiety, depression and disability in migraine patients: results from the Spanish Atlas

Variables

Number of HD per month

Mean ± SD / r correlation

P-value

Sociodemographic

Age categories

16–31

12.2 ± 8.3

0.383

32–47

10.8 ± 7.2

48-64

12.4 ± 8.2

≥ 65

13.0 ± 9.8

Gender

Male

11.6 ± 9.4

0.490

Female

11.6 ± 7.6

Marital status

Single

11.3 ± 8.1

0.173

Married/relationship

11.4 ± 7.5

Divorced/separated

15.7 ± 9.4

Widow

6.0 ± 0.0

Educational level

No schooling

17.0 ± 12.4

0.020*

Primary school

15.1 ± 10.0

Secondary school

12.4 ± 8.0

University

10.5 ± 7.2

Lifestyle habits

Smoking

Yes

13.4 ± 8.2

0.007*

No

11.1 ± 7.7

Alcohol

Yes

9.1 ± 7.2

0.002*

No

12.1 ± 7.9

BMI

Underweight

11.5 ± 7.7

0.541

Normal weight

11.7 ± 7.6

Overweight

11.9 ± 8.3

Obesity

10.5 ± 8.1

Healthcare use

Scanner or CT-scan

Yes

14.3 ± 8.4

< 0.001*

No

10.7 ± 7.3

Magnetic resonance imaging

Yes

14.7 ± 8.5

< 0.001*

No

10.6 ± 7.2

Lumbar or spinal puncture

Yes

14.8 ± 8.5

0.118

No

11.1 ± 7.6

Health Insurance Coverage

Public

11.6 ± 8.0

0.486

Private

13.6 ± 8.8

Public and private combination

11.0 ± 7.2

Psychological health

HADS Anxiety

No risk

8.9 ± 6.5

< 0.001*

Risk

12.8 ± 8.1

HADS Depression

No risk

9.9 ± 7.0

< 0.001*

Risk

14.2 ± 8.4

Disability

MIDAS

Grade I

7.3 ± 7.6

< 0.001*

Grade II

5.2 ± 3.6

Grade III

6.8 ± 5.9

Grade IV-A

10.3 ± 6.5

Grade IV-B

16.5 ± 7.1

Quality of life

HANA

HANA total

0.520

< 0.001*

  1. PRO patient-reported outcome; HADS hospital anxiety and depression scale; HANA headache needs assessment; MIDAS migraine disability assessment scale; LFEM (Low-frequency episodic migraine); MFEM (Medium-frequency episodic migraine); HFEM (High-frequency episodic migraine); CM (Chronic migraine).