Table 1 Statistical analysis of differences in traction forces of male and female beetles C. septempunctata between various substrates compared pair-wise by a paired t-test (male n = 12, female n = 12).

From: Evidence for intermolecular forces involved in ladybird beetle tarsal setae adhesion

Comparison

T

P

Statistically significant change

Sex

(a) vs (b)

0.533

0.605

 

Male

(a) vs (c)

6.667

 < 0.001

Yes

Male

(a) vs (d)

− 1.590

0.140

 

Male

(b) vs (c)

4.277

0.001

Yes

Male

(b) vs (d)

− 2.954

0.013

Yes

Male

(c) vs (d)

− 4.473

 < 0.001

Yes

Male

(a) vs (b)

− 1.112

0.290

 

Female

(a) vs (c)

2.906

0.014

Yes

Female

(a) vs (d)

− 2.798

0.017

Yes

Female

(b) vs (c)

5.963

 < 0.001

Yes

Female

(b) vs (d)

− 1.272

0.229

 

Female

(c) vs (d)

− 6.555

 < 0.001

Yes

Female

  1. t, t-test value; p, probability value. (a), Glass; (b), silicon wafer; (c), smooth methacrylate low-viscosity resin; (d), smooth polystyrene treated by EOG.
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