Scientific Reports

Table 1 Diffusion test conditions and the estimated diffusion coefficients for D₂O, K⁺, Cs⁺, and I⁻ in sugi xylem (sapwood and heartwood).

From: Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

Sample	Test conditions			Tracer initial condition
	L^a	A^b	V^c	D₂O		Stable K⁺		Stable Cs⁺		Stable I⁻
				C_H^d	C_L^e	C_H	C_L	C_H	C_L	C_H	C_L
	m	m²	m³	‰	‰	mg L⁻¹	mg L⁻¹	ng L⁻¹	ng L⁻¹	ng L⁻¹	ng L⁻¹
Sapwood-1	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	4700	− 66.11	365	0	–	–	–	–
Sapwood-2	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	3399	− 65.9	314	0.16	496,500	< 5	492,900	< 5
Heartwood-1^f	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	4344	− 62.74	374	0.19	419,050	< 0.5	–	–
Heartwood-2	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	4345	− 62.35	374	0.33	419,050	< 0.2	–	–
Heartwood-3	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	3399	− 66.4	314	0.16	496,500	< 5	508,500	< 5
Heartwood-4	0.022	1.13 × 10^–4	0.0013	1910	− 66.4	176.5	0.16	279,030	< 5	273,950	< 5

Sample	Slope of the regression lines				Estimated diffusion coefficients				Sampling time
	D₂O	K⁺	Cs⁺	I⁻	D₂O	K⁺	Cs⁺	I⁻	t > 3·ϕ^g·L²/D
	–	–	–	–	m² s⁻¹	m² s⁻¹	m² s⁻¹	m² s⁻¹	days
Sapwood-1	0.4505	0.0111	–	–	2.81 × 10^–10	8.90 × 10^–11	–	–	38
Sapwood-2	0.3246	0.0091	0.0089	0.0085	2.80 × 10^–10	8.48 × 10^–11	5.26 × 10^–11	5.05 × 10^–11	38
Heartwood-1	0.8284	0.063	0.0247	–	5.35 × 10^–10	4.93 × 10^–10	1.73 × 10^–10	–	19
Heartwood-2	0.2198	0.0087	0.0003	–	1.42 × 10^–10	7.59 × 10^–11	2.46 × 10^–12	–	70
Heartwood-3	0.2386	0.0076	0.0029	0.001	2.06 × 10^–10	7.06 × 10^–11	1.70 × 10^–11	5.75 × 10^–12	49
Heartwood-4	0.2065	0.0098	0.0025	0.0019	3.15 × 10^–10	1.63 × 10^–10	2.65 × 10^–11	2.03 × 10^–11	32

^aLength of the sample.
^bSection area.
^cVolume of the tank.
^dInitial concentration in the tracer tank.
^eBackground concentration of the tracer in the diffusing tank.
^fThis heartwood sample had visible ray parenchyma.
^gThe average porosity of xylem sample; 0.627 in sapwood, 0.587 in heartwood.

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