Table 2 Distribution of the D2O tracer in the xylem stem of sugi trees and the magnitude of the D2O diffusion flux (F =  − D·(dC/dx) = (CnCn+1)/L)36 from one xylem section to the adjacent section 154 days after spreading of the D2O tracer solution.

From: Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

Sample

n = Xylem Section

1 = S1

2 = S2

3 = B

4 = H1

5 = H2

Magnitude of D2O flux (‰/cm2/day)

Ln = distance (cm)

1.0

3.0

4.5

6.5

9.5

S1 > S2

S2 > B

B > H1

H1 > H2

days

Cn = Concentration of D2O in sap (δD ‰), n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

F = Ds(Cn − Cn+1)/(Ln+1Ln) n = 1,2

F = DH(Cn − Cn+1)/(Ln+1 − Ln) n = 3,4

Sugi tree-1, South

0

− 57.61

− 50.77

− 54.31

− 47.52

− 40.61

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

1

129.47

− 28.17

− 40.24

− 51.39

− 51.54

19.15

1.47

0.69

0.01

3

12.19

− 24.68

− 39.73

− 43.61

− 39

4.48

2.44

0.24

− 0.19

7

17.87

− 8.33

− 33.04

− 42.93

− 35.6

3.18

4.00

0.61

− 0.30

14

− 19.07

32.11

− 38.33

− 45.06

− 42.56

− 6.22

11.41

0.41

− 0.10

21

41.04

3.06

− 14.11

− 37

− 34.6

4.61

2.78

1.41

− 0.10

39

− 28.24

− 24.1

− 24.27

− 23.78

− 28.2

− 0.50

0.03

− 0.03

0.18

67

− 19.85

− 20.77

− 15.32

− 15.14

− 28.27

0.11

− 0.88

− 0.01

0.54

108

− 22.56

− 9.67

− 15.83

− 26.14

− 31.91

− 1.57

1.00

0.63

0.24

154

− 6.8

− 18.3

− 16.5

− 25.4

− 22.6

1.40

− 0.29

0.55

− 0.11

Sugi tree-1, North

0

N.M.

− 40.48

− 54.43

− 36.93

− 43.37

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

1

− 50.22

− 43.95

− 43.72

− 49.76

− 46.79

− 0.76

− 0.04

0.37

− 0.12

3

− 41.9

− 45.34

− 34.71

− 40.15

− 44.52

0.42

− 1.72

0.33

0.18

7

− 16.19

112.45

− 22.43

− 39.19

− 37.28

− 15.63

21.85

1.03

− 0.08

14

57.34

62.31

13.61

− 33.93

− 40.05

− 0.60

7.89

2.92

0.25

21

22.51

1.28

− 31.17

− 43.59

− 37.86

2.58

5.26

0.76

− 0.23

39

18.27

7.64

− 11.08

− 32.6

− 29.73

1.29

3.03

1.32

− 0.12

67

6.24

− 24.1

− 6.79

− 23.7

− 21.3

3.69

− 2.80

1.04

− 0.10

108

21.12

− 9.15

− 20.38

− 30.68

− 31.26

3.68

1.82

0.63

0.02

154

− 10.0

37.2

− 15.9

− 25.9

− 28.3

− 5.73

8.60

0.62

0.10

Sugi tree-2, South

0

− 54.89

− 55.65

− 50.44

− 45.5

− 46.99

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

1

− 48.16

− 48.2

N.M.

− 46.21

− 44.22

0.00

N.E.

N.E.

− 0.08

3

− 32.4

− 40.84

− 34.52

− 43.51

− 46.67

1.03

− 1.02

0.55

0.13

7

− 40.67

− 24.6

− 49.18

− 47.8

− 44.55

− 1.95

3.98

− 0.08

− 0.13

14

16.83

− 12.89

− 26.65

− 40.9

− 34.81

3.61

2.23

0.88

− 0.25

21

− 27.31

− 25.58

− 31.13

− 38.01

− 41.48

− 0.21

0.90

0.42

0.14

39

11.52

21.73

38.75

− 9.37

− 28.28

− 1.24

− 2.76

2.96

0.78

67

− 24.31

− 23.87

− 11.34

− 25.41

− 31.37

− 0.05

− 2.03

0.87

0.24

108

− 26.5

− 14.84

− 30.37

− 35.62

− 42.13

− 1.42

2.52

0.32

0.27

154

12.5

− 33.5

− 17.3

− 38.3

− 39.0

5.59

− 2.62

1.29

0.03

Sugi tree-2, North

0

− 45.69

− 40.68

− 45.26

− 49.17

− 49.17

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

B.G.

1

− 47.92

− 52.62

N.M.

− 45.52

− 43.29

0.57

N.E.

N.E.

− 0.09

3

− 39.88

− 48.13

− 45.52

− 46.78

− 44.09

1.00

− 0.42

0.08

− 0.11

7

− 22.46

− 38.72

− 44.22

− 44.85

− 44.86

1.98

0.89

0.04

0.00

14

− 5.45

− 19.35

− 3.86

− 44.65

− 50.72

1.69

− 2.51

2.51

0.25

21

6.89

− 21.73

− 20.16

− 38.4

− 43.8

3.48

− 0.25

1.12

0.22

39

− 29.02

− 29.17

− 23.95

− 21.92

− 17.46

0.02

− 0.85

− 0.12

− 0.18

67

− 15.93

12.95

N.M.

28.66

− 10.45

− 3.51

N.E.

N.E.

1.60

108

− 13.18

− 29.18

− 37.71

− 34.73

− 38.66

1.94

1.38

− 0.18

0.16

154

− 20.5

− 8.8

− 24.6

− 36.2

− 36.7

− 1.42

2.56

0.71

0.02

  1. D: diffusion coefficient, Ds = 0.243 cm2 day−1 is sapwood, DH = 0.123 cm2 day−1 is heartwood (see Table 1); Ca and Cb are the measured δD concentrations in neighboring xylem sections a and b; L is distance between two neighboring xylem sections n and n + 1; B.G. is background, N.M. is not measurement, N.E. is not estimated.