Table 1 The Ns, percentages (%), means (Ms), standard deviations (SDs), and correlations (r / rpb) for the four mental health outcomes as a function of residential exposure (Q = quartile), recreational visits and nature connectedness for the analytical sample (n = 16,302).
From: Associations between green/blue spaces and mental health across 18 countries
n | % | M | SD | WHO-5 | WHO-5 < 28 | Depression Meds | Anxiety Meds | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M/r | SD | N/rpb | % | N/rpb | % | N/rpb | % | |||||
Residential exposure [within 1000 m] | ||||||||||||
Greenspace [Q1] | 4103 | 25.17 | 1.36 | 1.87 | 58.79 | 21.55 | 381 | 9.29 | 354 | 8.63 | 366 | 8.92 |
Greenspace [Q2] | 4098 | 25.14 | 19.79 | 9.35 | 59.73 | 21.57 | 352 | 8.59 | 362 | 8.83 | 389 | 9.49 |
Greenspace [Q3] | 4071 | 24.97 | 62.11 | 14.44 | 61.29 | 21.53 | 333 | 8.18 | 330 | 8.11 | 374 | 9.19 |
Greenspace [Q4] | 4030 | 24.72 | 96.85 | 4.18 | 60.86 | 22.17 | 352 | 8.73 | 405 | 10.05 | 416 | 10.32 |
Inland blue [no] | 10,141 | 62.21 | NA | NA | 60.27 | 22.00 | 897 | 8.85 | 872 | 8.60 | 962 | 9.49 |
Inland blue [yes] | 6161 | 37.79 | NA | NA | 59.98 | 21.25 | 521 | 8.46 | 579 | 9.40 | 583 | 9.46 |
Coastal blue [no] | 14,507 | 88.99 | NA | NA | 60.04 | 21.77 | 1272 | 8.77 | 1330 | 9.17 | 1410 | 9.72 |
Coastal blue [yes] | 1795 | 11.01 | NA | NA | 61.11 | 21.35 | 146 | 8.13 | 121 | 6.74 | 135 | 7.52 |
Recreational visits [last 4 weeks] | ||||||||||||
Green | NA | NA | 12.34 | 12.85 | 0.26*** | NA | − 0.12*** | NA | − 0.01 | NA | 0.03*** | NA |
Inland blue | NA | NA | 6.08 | 8.95 | 0.19*** | NA | − 0.08*** | NA | 0.03* | NA | 0.06*** | NA |
Coastal blue | NA | NA | 5.34 | 10.17 | 0.18*** | NA | − 0.07*** | NA | 0.00 | NA | 0.05*** | NA |
Nature connectedness | ||||||||||||
INS | NA | NA | 4.14 | 1.65 | 0.24*** | NA | − 0.11*** | NA | − 0.04*** | NA | − 0.03*** | NA |
