Table 1 Characteristics of participants undergoing three different exercise interventions.

Age (years)

45.5 ± 10.0

43.6 ± 15.9

45.4 ± 7.2

0.914

Duration of HT (months) (95%CI)

96 (19–202)

96 (40–214)

60 (18–187)

0.905

BMI (kg/m²)

29.0 ± 3.6

30.5 ± 3.3

30.6 ± 4.4

0.491

Waist circumference (cm)

96 ± 13

103 ± 11

100 ± 13

0.455

SBP (mmHg)

132 ± 11

137 ± 10

137 ± 9

0.437

DBP (mmHg)

80 ± 6

83 ± 10

81 ± 10

0.610

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

97.7 ± 12.2

102.8 ± 13.3

100.1 ± 18.8

0.773

HbA1c (%)

5.3 ± 0.4

5.5 ± 0.4

5.7 ± 0.8

0.337

GFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

91.2 ± 14.3

99.7 ± 21.5

91.2 ± 18.3

0.458

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

123.8 ± 40.2

144.0 ± 48.2

206.6 ± 111.2*

0.040

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

192.0 ± 33.2

217.0 ± 73.3

197.1 ± 57.8

0.562

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

49.0 ± 12.4

45.4 ± 11.2

36.8 ± 7.4*^†

0.032

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

118.2 ± 27.9

111.9 ± 42.4

100.8 ± 66.5

0.697

VO₂peak (mL/kg/min)**

47.4 ± 9.7

44.3 ± 10.3

42.8 ± 9.5

0.552

METs/week—IPAQ

1154 ± 1224

1986 ± 1866

1067 ± 1070

0.265

1-RM test for knee extension (kg)

71.8 ± 8.6

64.6 ± 15.0

66.0 ± 23.2

0.594

1-RM test for knee flexion (kg)

74.9 ± 14.0

70.8 ± 14.6

72.9 ± 16.7

0.826

1-RM test for leg press (kg)

110.3 ± 13.6

107.3 ± 11.3

98.6 ± 12.1

0.097

1-RM test for plantar flexion (kg)

105.9 ± 11.2

107.4 ± 11.3

101.3 ± 8.9

0.387

Antihypertensive drugs

Diuretics (n)

2

1

0

–

Additional diuretics in the drug schedule (n)

6

6

7

–

ACEI/ARBs (n)

9

10

10

–

Calcium channel blockers (n)

0

2

4

–

Betablockers (n)

0

0

1

–