Table 3 Univariate associations between radiological features and RT-PCR status.

From: Practical clinical and radiological models to diagnose COVID-19 based on a multicentric teleradiological emergency chest CT cohort

Variables

RT-PCR − §

RT-PCR + §

p value

Presence of GGO

No

180/269 (66.9%)

15/244 (6.1%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

89/269 (33.1%)

229/244 (93.9%)

 

Non-rounded GGO

Absent

197/269 (73.2%)

31/244 (12.7%)

 < 0.001***

Present

72/269 (26.8%)

213/244 (87.3%)

 

Rounded GGO

Absent

238/269 (88.5%)

162/244 (66.4%)

 < 0.001***

Present

31/269 (11.5%)

82/244 (33.6%)

 

Presence of consolidation

No

196/269 (72.9%)

92/244 (37.7%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

73/269 (27.1%)

152/244 (62.3%)

 

Non-rounded consolidation

No

217/269 (80.7%)

172/244 (70.5%)

0.0097*

Yes

52/269 (19.3%)

72/244 (29.5%)

 

Rounded consolidation

No

246/269 (91.4%)

227/244 (93%)

0.6

Yes

23/269 (8.6%)

17/244 (7%)

 

Sub-pleural band

No

253/269 (94.1%)

142/244 (58.2%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

16/269 (5.9%)

102/244 (41.8%)

 

Predominant pattern

None

150/269 (55.8%)

11/244 (4.5%)

 < 0.001***

Consolidation

57/269 (21.2%)

32/244 (13.1%)

 

GGO

62/269 (23%)

201/244 (82.4%)

 

Distribution pattern of lesions

None

133/269 (49.4%)

9/244 (3.7%)

 < 0.001***

Peripheral predominant

59/269 (21.9%)

154/244 (63.1%)

 

Central predominant

28/269 (10.4%)

7/244 (2.9%)

 

Mixed

49/269 (18.2%)

74/244 (30.3%)

 

Bilateral lesions

No

170/269 (63.2%)

28/244 (11.5%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

99/269 (36.8%)

216/244 (88.5%)

 

Diffuse lesions

No

231/269 (85.9%)

71/244 (29.1%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

38/269 (14.1%)

173/244 (70.9%)

 

Basal predominant lesions

No

209/269 (77.7%)

145/244 (59.4%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

60/269 (22.3%)

99/244 (40.6%)

 

Extent of lesions

   

None

134/269 (49.8%)

9/244 (3.7%)

 < 0.001***

Low

79/269 (29.4%)

74/244 (30.3%)

 < 0.001***

Moderate

46/269 (17.1%)

115/244 (47.1%)

 < 0.001***

High

10/269 (3.7%)

46/244 (18.9%)

 < 0.001***

Intralobular reticulations

No

231/269 (85.9%)

103/244 (42.2%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

38/269 (14.1%)

141/244 (57.8%)

 

Tree-in-bud micronodules

No

209/269 (77.7%)

230/244 (94.3%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

60/269 (22.3%)

14/244 (5.7%)

 

Presence of bronchial wall thickening

No

194/269 (72.1%)

227/244 (93%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

75/269 (27.9%)

17/244 (7%)

 

Distribution of bronchial abnormalities

None

194/269 (72.1%)

227/244 (93%)

 < 0.001***

Lobar/segmental

29/269 (10.8%)

7/244 (2.9%)

 < 0.001***

Diffuse

46/269 (17.1%)

10/244 (4.1%)

 < 0.001***

Airway secretion

No

208/269 (77.3%)

227/244 (93%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

61/269 (22.7%)

17/244 (7%)

 

Fibrosis

No

253/269 (94.1%)

193/244 (79.1%)

 < 0.001***

Yes

16/269 (5.9%)

51/244 (20.9%)

 

Pleural effusion

Absent

221/269 (82.2%)

215/244 (88.1%)

0.2

Yes, unilateral

18/269 (6.7%)

10/244 (4.1%)

0.3

Yes, bilateral

30/269 (11.2%)

19/244 (7.8%)

0.3

Adenomegaly

No

248/269 (92.2%)

218/244 (89.3%)

0.3

Yes

21/269 (7.8%)

26/244 (10.7%)

 
  1. P-values in bold correspond to significant associations between clinical or radiological features and RT-PCR status. Regarding variables with more than two levels, the p value in italics corresponds to the p-value considering all its levels. The p-values below are based on the Fisher or X2 test for this variable that was dichotomized according to the level of the line.
  2. GGO ground-glass opacities.
  3. §Data refer to number of patients with percentage in parentheses.
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.001 (corresponds to X2 or Fisher test).
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