Table 1 The aggregated characteristics of the included RCTs.

No. of arm

Diagnosis criteria

No

Age

Intervention Group (type; duration; frequency; or drug name; dose; duration; frequency)

Comparator Group (type; duration; frequency; or drug name; dose; duration; frequency)

Third Group (type; duration; frequency; or drug name; dose; duration; frequency)

Ai et al.²³

2018

2

DSM-V

I: 50; C: 50

I: 20.1 ± 3.6; C: 20.2 ± 3.5

MA + paroxetine

MA: 1 time/ d, 6 w; paroxetine: 20 mg/time, 1 time/ d, 6 w

Paroxetine

20 mg/time, 1 time/ d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6 w); response rates

Allen et al.²⁴

2006

3

DSM-IV

I: 53; C: 52; T: 52

I: 23.3 ± 11.4; C:24.6 ± 12.8; T: 22.7 ± 14.0

MA

2 times/ w for first 4 w, 1 time/ w for another 4 w, 8 w

MA

2 times/ w for first 4 w, 1 time/ w for another 4 w, 8 w

Wait-list

8w

HAMD-17 (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 w), BDI (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 w); response rates (8, 16 w), remission rates (8, 16 w)

Chen et al.²⁵

2014

2

ICD-10

I: 40; C: 33

I: 36.2 ± 11.7; C: 35.0 ± 10.5

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine: 1 time/ d, 10–20 mg/ time, 6 w

Paroxetine

1 time/ d, 10–20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), SERS( 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Chen et al.²⁶

2010

2

CCMD-III

I: 33; C: 30

I:65.30 ± 3.592; C: 65.10 ± 3.736

MA

5 time/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Chen et al.²⁷

2011

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 43.9 ± 11.2; C: 49.0 ± 13.4

EA + Fluoxetine

EA: 6 times/ w, 8 w; Fluoxetine: 1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 8 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 8 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 4, 8 w); response rates

Dong et al.²⁸

2017

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 15.6 ± 1.40; C: 14.9 ± 1.45

MA + Psychotherapy

MA: 1 time/ d, 10 d one session, another session after 2d, 30 d; Psychotherapy: 1 times/ w, 4 w

Sertraline + Psychotherapy

Sertraline: 1 time/ d, 50 mg/ time, 30 d; Psychotherapy: : 1 times/ w, 4 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-24(0, 10, 20, 30d)

Duan et al.²⁹

2008

3

CCMD-III

I: 25; C: 25; T: 25

I: 50.12 ± 4.32; C: 49.72 ± 5.47; T: 48.93 ± 7.60

EA

6 time/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

20 mg/ d, 6 w

EA + Fluoxetine

EA: 6 time w, 6 w; Fluoxetine: 20 mg/ d, 6 w

HAMD(0, 6w), TESS (2, 4, 6w); response rates

Feng et al.³⁰

2015

3

ICD-10

I: 60; C: 60; T: 60

I: 36.4 ± 9.9; C: 37.1 ± 9.8; T: 36.6 ± 10.0

MA + SSRIs

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Fluoxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–60 mg/ d; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg/ d; or Fluvoxamine: 50–300 mg/d; 1–2 times/ d, 6w

SSRIs

Fluoxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–60 mg/ d; or Sertraline: : 50–200 mg/ d; or Fluvoxamine: 50–300 mg/d; 1–2 times/ d, 6w

HC

HC

MADRS(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w); SERS(1, 2, 4, 6w)

Gallagher et al.³¹

2001

3

DSM-IV

38

18–45

MA

8 w

MA

8 w

Wait-list

8 w

HRSD-19(0, 8 w)

Gu et al.³²

2015

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 61.83 ± 10.33; C: 63.53 ± 10.11

MA

1 time/ d, 30 d

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 30 d

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 30d)

Guo et al³³

2019

2

CCMD-3

I: 22; C: 22

I: 40.86 ± 9.84; C: 42.09 ± 10.71 years

MA + Fluoxetine

MA: 1 time/ d, 3w; Fluoxetine: 20 mg/ time,1 time/ d, 3 W

Fluoxetine

20 mg/ time,1 time/ d, 3 W

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, PHQ-9(0, 3w); response rate

Han et al³⁴

2019

2

DSM-V

I: 25; C: 25

I: 37.0 (32. 0, 41. 5); C: 39.0 (35.0, 46.5)

EA

3 times/ w, 6 w

MA

3 times/ w, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD, SDS(0,6w); response rate

Huang et al.³⁵

2013

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 49.25 ± 14.03;

C: 50.78 ± 12.96

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine: 1 time/ d, 20–40 mg/ time, 6 w

Paroxetine

1 time/ d, 20–40 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

 HAMD(0, 1, 6w), SDS(0, 1, 6w); Asberg(1, 6w); response rates

Jiang et al.³⁶

2008

2

CCMD-III

I: 34; C: 34

I: 36.4 ± 11.7; C: 35.6 ± 13.1

MA + Citalopram

MA: 1 time/ 2 d, 40 d

Citalopram: 20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 40 d

Citalopram

20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 40 d

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), CGI-SI(0, 2, 4, 6w); TESS; response rates

Li et al.³⁷

2013

2

DSM-IV

I: 62; C: 62

I: 33.9 ± 12.0; C: 34.8 ± 12.4

EA + Sertraline

EA: 6 times/ w, 8 w; Sertraline: 50–100 mg/ d, 8 w

Sertraline

50–100 mg/d, 8 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 8w)

Li et al.³⁸

2004

3

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30; T: 50

I: 41.8 ± 14.6; C: 39.4 ± 13.4; T: 45.8 ± 14.5

MA

5 times/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

MA 2

5 times/ w, 6 w

HRSD, SDS(0, 6 w); response rates

Lin et al.³⁹

2004

2

CCMD-III

I: 29; C: 28

I: 40.3 ± 11.5; C: 44.6 ± 12.7

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 1 time/ d, 5 time/ w, 6 w;

Paroxetine: 1 time/ d, 10 mg/ time, 6 w

Paroxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), HAMA(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w); CGI

TESS; response rates

Li et al.⁴⁰

2017

2

ICD-10, CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 34 ± 8; C:35 ± 8

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 6 time/ w, 8 w; Paroxetine: 10- 20 mg/ time, 1 time/ d, 8w

Paroxetine

10- 20 mg/ time, 1 time/ d, 8w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8w); response rates

Lin et al.⁴¹

2005

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 23

I: 41.7 ± 12.1; C: 43.1 ± 11.5

MA + Fluoxetine

MA: 5 time/ w, 6 w; Fluoxetine: 1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), HAMA(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w); CGI, TESS; response rates

Lin et al.⁴²

2014

2

CCMD-III

I: 61; C: 61

NR

MA + Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 5 time/ w, 4 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 4 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4w), SDS(0, 4w ); response rates

Liu et al.⁴³

2018

2

ICD-10

I: 21; C: 21

I: 44 ± 10; C:43 ± 9

Fluoxetine + MA

MA: 1 time/ d for first 3d, then once every 3d, 8 w; Fluoxetine: 10 mg, 1 time/ d, 8w

Fluoxetine + Sham MA

Sham MA: 1 time/ d for first 3d, then once every 3d, 8 w; Fluoxetine: 10 mg, 1 time/ d, 8w

N/A

N/A

MADRS(0, 4, 8w), SDS(0, 4, 8w); response rates

Liu et al.⁴⁴

2005

2

CCMD-III

I: 21; C: 20

I: 48.9 ± 12.0; C: 49.0 ± 13.4

EA + SSRIs*

EA: 6 w; SSRIs: 6 w*

SSRIs*

SSRIs: 6 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w)

Liu et al.⁴⁵

2014

3

CCMD-III

I: 45; C: 45; T: 45

I: 47.11 ± 8.32; C:47.58 ± 8.21; T: 48.11 ± 7.97

MA + SSRIs

MA: 1 time/ 2 d, 4 w; Fluoxetine: 20 ~ 60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–10 mg/ d; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg/ d; 1time/ d, 4 w

SSRIs

Fluoxetine: 20 ~ 60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–10 mg/ d; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg/ d; 1time/ d, 4 w

HC

HC

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4w), SERS(1, 2, 4w); response rates

Liu et al.⁴⁶

2015

2

CCMD-III

I: 45; C: 45; T: 45

I: 36 ± 11; C: 37 ± 11; T: 36 ± 11

MA + SSRIs

MA: 1 time/ 2 d, 4 w; SSRI: Fluoxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–60 mg/ d; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg/ d; or Fluvoxamine: 50–300 mg/d; 1–2 times/ d, 4 w

SSRIs

Fluoxetine: 20 ~ 60 mg/ d; or Paroxetine: 20–60 mg/ d; or Citalopram: 20–60 mg/ d; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg/ d; or Fluvoxamine: 50–300 mg/d; 1-2times/ d, 4 w

HC

HC

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4w)

Liu et al.⁴⁷

2017

3

ICD-10

I: 47; C: 48; T: 45

I: 47.11 ± 9.10;

C:47.27 ± 9.03; T:47.18 ± 9.21

MA + Venlafaxine

MA: 5 times/ w, 8w; Venlafaxine: 75–225 mg/ d, 8w

Venlafaxine

75–225 mg/ d, 8w

HC

HC

HAMD-17(0, 8w)

Lu et al.⁴⁸

2017

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I:52.7 ± 17.4; C:56.7 ± 16.3

MA + Escitalopram

EA: 3 times/ w, 2 w;

Escitalopram :20 mg, 1 time/ d, 2w

Escitalopram

20 mg, 1 time/ d, 2w

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 1, 2w),

Luo et al.⁴⁹

2003

3

DSM-IV

I: 31; C: 32; T: 32

I: 30 ± 11; C: 34 ± 13; T: 32 ± 12

EA + Placebo

EA: 1 time/ d, 5 time/ w; Placebo: 1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time

Fluoxetine + Sham EA

Fluoxetine: 1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time; Sham EA: 1 time/ d, 5 time/w

Placebo + sham-EA

Placebo: 1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time; sham-EA: 1 time/ d, 5 time/ w

HAMD, SDS, CGI(0, 2, 4, 6w); Asberg(0, 6w)

Ma et al.⁵⁰

2011

2

CCMD-III

I: 31; C: 29

I: 51.1 ± 12.85;

C:50.9 ± 11.29

MA

5 time/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 6w), Asberg(2, 4, 6w); response rates

Ma et al.⁵¹

2011

2

ICD-10

I: 26; C: 29

I: 46.27 ± 13.13

C: 40.52 ± 14.21

EA + Paroxetine

EA: 3 times/ w, 6w; Paroxetine: 10–20 mg/ d, 1times/ d, 6w

Paroxetine

10–20 mg/ d, 1times/ d, 6w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, SERS(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), CGI(0, 6 w)

Ma et al.⁵²

2011

2

ICD-10

I: 26;

C: 29

I: 46.27 ± 13.13

C: 40.52 ± 14.21

EA + Paroxetine

EA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine: 10–20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6w

Paroxetine

10–20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, SDS(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w)

Ma et al⁵³

2020

2

CCMD-3/DSM-V

I: 30; C: 32

22–70

MA

3 times/ w, 8w

Sham MA

3 times/ w, 8w

N/A

N/A

HAMD, SDS, TESS(0, 4, 8,12w)

Pei et al.⁵⁴

2006

2

CCMD-III

I: 62; C: 58

I: 18–61; C:20–64

MA

5 time/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Qu et al.⁵⁵

2013

3

ICD-10

I: 58; C: 54; T: 48

I: 33.2 ± 9.0; C: 32.3 ± 9.6; T: 34.4 ± 10.8

EA + Paroxetine

EA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine:10–20 mg/ d, 6 w

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w;

Paroxetine:10–20 mg/ d, 6 w

Paroxetine

Paroxetine:10–20 mg/ d, 6 w

HAMD-17 (0, 1, 2, 4, 6w, 10w follow-up), SDS (0, 1, 2, 4, 6w, 10w follow-up), CGI-S (0, 1, 2, 4, 6w, 10w follow-up); response rates

Roschke et al.⁵⁶

2000

3

DSM-III-R

I: 22; C: 24; T: 24

I: 49 ± 13; C: 47 ± 9; T: 49 ± 11

MA + Mianserin

MA: 3 times/ w, 4 w; Mianserin: 90–120 mg/ d, 4 w ;

Sham MA + Mianserin

Mianserin: 90–120 mg/ d, 4 w; Sham MA: 3 times/ w, 4 w

Mianserin

90–120 mg/ d, 4 w

GAS, BRMS, CGI, Bf-S (twice/ w for 8 w); response rates

Shi et al.⁵⁷

2015

3

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30; T: 30

I: 52.33 ± 9.93; C: 48.46 ± 8.44; T: 49.94 ± 9.41

MA

5 times/ w, 8 w

MA

5 times/ w, 8 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 8 w

HAMD-17(0, 4, 8w); response rates

Song et al.⁵⁸

2013

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 42.32 ± 12.47; C: 43.74 ± 12.52

MA

6 times/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 2, 4, 6w), Asberg (2, 4, 6w); response rates

Sun et al.⁵⁹

2012

2

CCMD-III

I: 20; C: 20

I: 32.5 ± 10.3; C: 31.5 ± 11.4

EA + Venlafaxine

EA: 5 times/ w, 2 w; Venlafaxine: 1 time/ d, 75–150 mg/ time, 2 w

Venlafaxine

1 time/ d, 75–150 mg/ time, 2 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 1, 2w); TESS; response rates

Sun et al.⁶⁰

2013

3

DSM-IV

I: 25; C: 25; T: 25

I: 43.10 ± 13.86;

C:42.56 ± 10.70; T:40.72 ± 12.80

EA

5 times/ w, 6 w

EA

5 times/ w, 6 w

Fluoxetine

20 mg/ d, 6 w

HDRS-24 (0, 2, 4, 6 w)

Tang et al.⁶¹

2003

2

CCMD-IIR

I: 32; C: 32

I: 18–51; C: 19–56

EA + Amitriptyline

EA: 1w-2w: 7 times/ w; 3w-6w: 3 times/ w; 6w; Amitriptyline: 1 time/ d, 50 mg/ time, 6 w

Amitriptyline

2 times/ d, 25–75 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

SDS(0, 3, 6w), SAS(0, 3, 6w); response rates

Tian et al.⁶²

2008

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 35.1 ± 14.3; C: 34.8 ± 15.1

EA + Clomipramine*

EA: 5 times/ w, 6 w;

Clomipramine: 1 time/d , 25–75 mg/ time, 6 w*

Clomipramine*

1 time/d , 25–250 mg/ time, 6w;

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 6 w); response rates

Wang et al.⁶³

2018

2

CCMD-III

I: 40; C: 40

I: 34.2 ± 10.9; C: 33.4 ± 11.8

MA + Fluvoxamine

5 times/ w, 6w; Fluvoxamine: 100 ~ 150 mg/ d, 6 w

Fluvoxamine

100 ~ 150 mg/ d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-24(0, 2, 4, 6w), SERS(1, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Wang et al.⁶⁴

2014

3

ICD-10

I: 23; C: 32; T:17

I: 47 ± 11; C: 45 ± 12; T: 48 ± 9

EA + Paroxetine

EA: 1 time/ 2 d, 6 w; Paroxetine: 10–20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6 w

MA + Paroxetine

MA: 3 times/w, 6 w; Paroxetine: 10–20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6 w

Paroxetine

10–20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6 w

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w), SERS(0, 2, 4, 6w), WHOQOL—BREF(0, 6w); response rates

Wang et al.⁶⁵

2016

2

DSM-IV

I: 32; C: 32

I:41.3 ± 5.2;C:42.1 ± 4.7

MA

1 time/ d, 6 time/ w, 8 w

Mirtazapine

1 time/ d, 15–45 mg/ time, 8 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-24(0, 4, 8w); Asberg; response rates

Wang et al.⁶⁶

2007

3

CCMD-III

I: 35; C: 35

I: 17–65; C: 19–63

EA

5 times/ w, 12 w

Sertraline

25–75 mg/ d, 12 w

HC

HC

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 8, 12)

Wang et al.⁶⁷

2007

2

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30

I: 18–68; C: 17–70

EA*

5 times/ w, 12 w*

Sertraline*

25–7 5 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 12 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 8, 12)

Wang et al.⁶⁸

2006

2

CCMD-III

I: 38; C: 38

I: 18–65; C: 19–63

EA*

5 times/ w, 24 w*

Sertraline*

25–75 mg/d, 1 time/ d, 24 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 6, 12, 24); response rates

Wang et al.⁶⁹

2007

2

CCMD-III

I: 50; C: 50

I: 17–80; C: 19–73

EA*

5 time/ w, 12 w*

Sertraline*

1time/ d, 25–75 mg/ time, 12 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 8, 12w); response rates

Wang et al.⁷⁰

2008

2

CCMD-III

I: 50; C: 42

I: 52.8 ± 14.1; C: 52.1 ± 15.4

MA + SSRIs*

MA: 5 time/w, 4w; SSRIs*

SSRIs*

SSRIs*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, SDS(0, 1, 2, 4w ); response rates

Wang et al.⁷¹

2010

2

ICD-10

I: 30;

C: 30

I: 35.7 ± 11.1

C: 41.2 ± 9.0

EA + Fluoxetine

EA: 7 times/ w, 6 w; Fluoxetine: 20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6 w

Fluoxetine

20 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Wang et al.⁷²

2014

2

ICD-9

I: 47; C: 29

NR

MA + SSRIs/ SNRIs

MA: 5 times/ w, 6 w; Fluoxetine: 20 mg, 1 time/ d; or Paroxetine: 20 mg, 1 time/d; r Duloxetine: 40 mg, 1 time/ d, 6w

SSRIs/ SNRIs

Fluoxetine: 20 mg, 1 time/ d; or Paroxetine: 20 mg, 1 time/d; r Duloxetine: 40 mg, 1 time/ d, 6w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17 (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 w)

Wang et al.⁷³

2017

2

ICD-10

I: 22; C: 24

I: 44.5 ± 10.47; C: 43.78 ± 9.10

MA + Fluoxetine

MA : 1 time/d for the first three days, 1 time/ 3 d for the reminder of the 8-w trial; Fluoxetine: 20 mg/ d

Sham MA + Fluoxetine

Sham MA : 1 time/d for the first three days, 1 time/ 3 d for the reminder of the 8-w trial; Fluoxetine: 20 mg/ d

N/A

N/A

MADRS, SDS(0, 8 w)

Wang et al⁷⁴

2020

2

CCMD-3

I: 48; C: 48

I: 34.19 ± 8.4; C: 32.71 ± 8.2

Venlafaxine + MA*

MA: 3 times/ w, 12 w; Venlafaxine: 1st w:75 mg/d, 2ed w:150 mg/d, 3-6th w 225 mg/d, 12w*

Venlafaxine*

MA: 3 times/ w, 12 w; Venlafaxine: 1st w:75 mg/d, 2ed w:150 mg/d, 3-6th w 225 mg/d, 12w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, SERS(0, 4, 8, 12 w); response rates

Wang et al⁷⁵

2019

3

DSM-V

I: 30; C: 30; T:30

I: 32 ± 8; C: 32 ± 7;32 ± 8

Venlafaxine + MA*

MA: 3 times/ w, 12 w; Venlafaxine:1st w:75 mg/d, 2ed w:150 mg/d, 3-6th w 225 mg/d, 12w*

Venlafaxine *

1st w:75 mg/d, 2ed w:150 mg/d, 3-6th w 225 mg/d, 12w*

HC

HC

HAMD-17, BDI(0,2,8,12w), SERS(2,8,12w)

Wang et al.⁷⁶

2013

2

DSM-IV

I: 30; C: 30

I: 48.1 ± 13.40; C: 47.10 ± 10.60

EA

3 times/ w, 24 w

Paroxetine

20–60 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 24 w

N/A

N/A

MMPI, MADRS, SDS, SAS(0, 24w)

Wen et al.⁷⁷

2003

2

CCMD-III

I: 31; C: 30

I: 31.6 ± 13.6; C:32.7 ± 14.1

EA + SSRIs

EA: 1 time/ d, 6 w; SSRI

SSRIs

SSRIs

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Wu et al.⁷⁸

2010

2

CCMD-III

I: 33; C: 33

I: 68.52 ± 4.84; C: 69.64 ± 5.19

EA + Citalopram

EA: 5 times/ w, 6w; Citalopram: 20–40 mg/ d, 6 w

Citalopram

20–40 mg/ d, 6w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17, TESS (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 w); response rates

Xu et al.⁷⁹

2009

2

CCMD-III

I: 21; C: 20

I: 34; C: 31

MA

6 w

Fluoxetine

20 mg/d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 6 w); response rates

Xu et al.⁸⁰

2004

2

CCMD-III、ICD-10

I: 30; C: 30

I: 42.5 ± 8.5; C:45.3 ± 9.2

MA

1 time/ d, 30d

Fluoxetine

20–40 mg/ d, 1 time/ d, 30d

N/A

N/A

HAMD-24(0, 1, 2, 4w)

Xu et al.⁸¹

2011

3

CCMD-III

I: 25; C: 30; T: 25

I: 47.51 ± 8.21; C: 47.42 ± 8.89; T: 48.01 ± 8.14

MA + SSRIs

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine, 20–60 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Fluoxetine: 20–80 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w

SSRIs

Paroxetine,20–60 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Fluoxetine: 20–80 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w

MA + Moxibustion + SSRIs

MA + Moxibustion: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine,20–60 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Fluoxetine: 20–80 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Yang et al.⁸²

2012

3

CCMD-III

I: 30; C: 30; T: 30

I: 32.23 ± 13.98; C:33.40 ± 15.51; T:34.63 ± 12.71

EA + CBT

2 time/ w, 8 w; CBT: 1 time/w, 60-90 min/ time, 8 times

EA

2 time/ w, 8 w

CBT

1 time/w, 60-90 min/ time, 8 times

HAMD-17, CES-D(0.8w); response rates

Yi et al.⁸³

2011

3

DSM-IV

I: 14; C:14; T:14

I: 37.0 ± 8.6; C:33.6 ± 8.4; T:35.5 ± 7.4

MA + Fluoxetine

MA: 5 time/w, 30 d; Fluoxetine: 1time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 30 d

Fluoxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 30 d

MA

5 time/ w, 30 d

HAMD-17(0, 30d)

Zhang et al.⁸⁴

2007

2

CCMD-III

I: 38; C: 42

I: 41.57 ± 1.22; C: 39.82 ± 2.16

EA

1 time/ d, 6 w

Paroxetine

1 time/ d, 20 mg/ time, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 2, 4, 6w)

Zhang et al.⁸⁵

2012

2

CCMD-III

I: 20; C: 20

I: 47.58 ± 9.45; C: 45.65 ± 10.45

MA

4 w

Flupentixol + Melitracen

Flupentixol: 0.5 mg/time + Melitracen: 10 mg/time; 1 time/ d, 4 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 4w); response rates

Zhang et al.⁸⁶

2007

2

DSM-III

I: 22; C: 20

I: 36.6 ± 9.7; C: 37.1 ± 10.2

EA + Paroxetine

EA: 6 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine: 10–40 mg/ d, 6 w

Paroxetine

10–40 mg/ d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6 w), TESS (1, 2, 4, 6 w); response rates

Zhang et al.⁸⁷

2009

2

DSM-IV

I: 40; C: 40

I: 36.2 ± 11.7; C: 35.5 ± 12.0

MA + Fluoxetine (low dose) + placebo*

MA: 5 times/ w, 6 w; 10 mg fluoxetine + 1 placebo pill/ d in the first 2 w, followed by 10 mg fluoxetine + 2 placebo pills/d in the next 4 w*

Sham MA + Fluoxetine (normal dose)*

Sham MA: 5 times/ w, 6 w ; 20 mg/d in the first 2 w, followed by 30 mg fluoxetine/d in the next 4 w*

N/A

N/A

response rate, HRSD-17, HRSA (0, 2, 4, 6 w); SERS, acupuncture-specific side-effect checklist (2, 4, 6 w)

Zhao et al.⁸⁸

2010

3

CCMD-III、DSM-IV

I: 30; C: 30; T: 30

I: 36.5 ± 14.7; C: 39.1 ± 12.3; T: 37.1 ± 12.3

EA

1 time/ d, 5 time/ w, 6w

EA

1 time/ d, 5 times/ d, 6 w

Fluoxetine

20 mg/ time, 1 time/ d, 6 w

HAMD-24(0, 2, 4, 6 w); response rates

Zhao et al.⁸⁹

2010

2

CCMD-III

I: 48; C: 45

I: 40.9 ± 13.9; C: 41.5 ± 13.9

EA + Paroxetine*

EA: 7 times/ w, 3 w; Paroxetine: 10–40 mg/ d, 3 w*

Paroxetine*

10–40 mg/ d, 3 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD(0, 3w); response rates

Zhao et al.⁹⁰

2006

2

CCMD-III

I: 38; C:38

I: 18–65; C:19–63

EA*

5 time/ w, 12 w*

Sertraline*

1 time/ d, 25–75 mg/ time, 12 w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 8); response rates

Zhao et al.⁹¹

2019

3

ICD-10

I: 161; C: 160; T:156

I: 41.42 ± 12.53;C: 41.18 ± 12.00; T: 41.76 ± 12.85

MA + SSRIs

MA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Citalopram, or Escitalopram: 10–20 mg/d, 6 w

EA + SSRIs

EA: 3 times/ w, 6 w; Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Citalopram, or Escitalopram :10–20 mg/d, 6 w

SSRIs

Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Fluvoxamine, Citalopram, or Escitalopram: 10–20 mg/d, 6 w

response rate, remission rate(6w); early onset rate(1w), HAMD-17(0,1,2,4,6,10w), SDS(0,1,2,4,6,10w), CGI(6w), SERS(2,4,6w)

Zheng et al.⁹²

2012

2

CCMD-III

I: 44; C: 54

I: 47.11 ± 9.52; C: 48.07 ± 10.09

MA

1 time/ 2d, 3 times/ w, 6 w

SSRI

Paroxetine,20–60 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Sertraline: 50–200 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w; or Fluoxetine: 20–80 mg, 1 time/ d, 6 w

N/A

N/A

HAMD-17(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w, f), SERS(0, 1, 2, 4, 6w); response rates

Zhu et al.⁹³

2018

2

CCMD-III

I: 33; C: 32

I: 42.9 ± 5.0; C:42.1 ± 4.3

MA + SSRIs*

MA: 5 time/ w, 6w; SSRIs, 6w*

SSRIs*

SSRIs, 6w*

N/A

N/A

HAMD-24,heart rate variability (0, 6w)