Table 1 Box Behnken experimental design methodology for preparation of emulsions and adjusted variables to the model: moisture, water activity (aw), Contact angle (CA), Hue (hab°) and change of color (ΔE*) for flakes of HOPO nanoemulsions.
Run | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | Moisture (%) | aw | CA (°) | hab (°) | ΔE* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A: temperature (°C) | B: thickness (mm) | C: pressure (psi) | D: formulation | ||||||
1 | 80 | 1.5 | 20,000 | A | 2.03 | 0.3440 | 26.78 | 76.06 | 8.53 |
2 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 1.70 | 0.3711 | 24.94 | 76.72 | 8.60 |
3 | 80 | 2 | 10,000 | A | 2.24 | 0.3435 | 32.00 | 76.15 | 6.71 |
4 | 80 | 1.5 | 0 | B | 1.80 | 0.3486 | 26.18 | 73.77 | 11.34 |
5 | 60 | 2 | 10,000 | A | 3.18 | 0.4151 | 21.75 | 76.18 | 7.77 |
6 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 1.40 | 0.3786 | 22.20 | 75.43 | 10.36 |
7 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 1.80 | 0.3457 | 20.26 | 76.47 | 13.29 |
8 | 70 | 2 | 20,000 | A | 2.77 | 0.3314 | 20.70 | 77.05 | 7.73 |
9 | 60 | 1.5 | 20,000 | A | 4.56 | 0.3396 | 29.10 | 77.61 | 8.05 |
10 | 60 | 2 | 10,000 | B | 3.44 | 0.4557 | 19.15 | 76.60 | 7.80 |
11 | 70 | 1 | 0 | A | 3.42 | 0.3013 | 22.99 | 76.52 | 8.87 |
12 | 60 | 1 | 10,000 | B | 3.46 | 0.3519 | 23.24 | 77.46 | 10.34 |
13 | 80 | 1.5 | 20,000 | B | 1.79 | 0.3177 | 29.42 | 77.65 | 6.49 |
14 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.85 | 0.3052 | 23.69 | 75.76 | 10.98 |
15 | 60 | 1 | 10,000 | A | 4.84 | 0.5806 | 25.57 | 77.70 | 8.71 |
16 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 4.07 | 0.3255 | 26.65 | 76.96 | 12.62 |
17 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 3.46 | 0.3188 | 24.25 | 78.61 | 3.81 |
18 | 80 | 1 | 10,000 | B | 3.68 | 0.3628 | 29.95 | 76.64 | 6.04 |
19 | 70 | 2 | 20,000 | B | 3.79 | 0.3579 | 22.92 | 74.75 | 8.76 |
20 | 60 | 1.5 | 20,000 | B | 5.65 | 0.4452 | 20.45 | 75.67 | 8.16 |
21 | 70 | 2 | 0 | A | 2.16 | 0.3449 | 21.01 | 73.87 | 9.20 |
22 | 70 | 2 | 0 | B | 2.79 | 0.3641 | 20.61 | 73.81 | 9.94 |
23 | 60 | 1.5 | 0 | A | 4.49 | 0.4138 | 22.06 | 73.24 | 10.48 |
24 | 80 | 1.5 | 0 | A | 2.48 | 0.2872 | 29.73 | 74.27 | 10.38 |
25 | 70 | 1 | 20,000 | A | 2.42 | 0.2816 | 20.69 | 78.17 | 11.05 |
26 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.76 | 0.3310 | 22.73 | 75.79 | 8.24 |
27 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 3.57 | 0.2680 | 17.27 | 78.80 | 8.81 |
28 | 60 | 1.5 | 0 | B | 3.49 | 0.4590 | 18.88 | 76.73 | 8.50 |
29 | 70 | 1 | 0 | B | 2.87 | 0.3183 | 21.18 | 76.01 | 8.38 |
30 | 80 | 2 | 10,000 | B | 2.18 | 0.3070 | 30.57 | 76.39 | 10.20 |
31 | 70 | 1 | 20,000 | B | 3.33 | 0.3675 | 15.72 | 77.04 | 6.03 |
32 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.91 | 0.3642 | 19.42 | 76.77 | 7.66 |
33 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 4.58 | 0.3539 | 21.04 | 77.91 | 11.45 |
34 | 80 | 1 | 10,000 | A | 2.71 | 0.3323 | 26.25 | 78.67 | 11.91 |
Run | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | FDt | Contrast | Correlation | IDM | Entropy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A: temperature (°C) | B: thickness (mm) | C: pressure (psi) | D: formulation | ||||||
1 | 80 | 1.5 | 20,000 | A | 2.5819 | 576.36 | 8.176 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.142 |
2 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.5823 | 562.93 | 7.903 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.236 |
3 | 80 | 2 | 10,000 | A | 2.5628 | 542.28 | 9.004 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.056 |
4 | 80 | 1.5 | 0 | B | 2.5884 | 646.24 | 7.343 × 10–4 | 0.049 | 9.299 |
5 | 60 | 2 | 10,000 | A | 2.6477 | 1011.11 | 4.805 × 10–4 | 0.049 | 9.569 |
6 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.5746 | 570.87 | 8.420 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.117 |
7 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.5661 | 576.00 | 8.605 × 10–4 | 0.051 | 9.044 |
8 | 70 | 2 | 20,000 | A | 2.5577 | 566.45 | 8.716 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.053 |
9 | 60 | 1.5 | 20,000 | A | 2.6390 | 980.59 | 5.054 × 10–4 | 0.039 | 9.528 |
10 | 60 | 2 | 10,000 | B | 2.6463 | 947.07 | 5.244 × 10–4 | 0.040 | 9.562 |
11 | 70 | 1 | 0 | A | 2.5763 | 679.40 | 7.206 × 10–4 | 0.047 | 9.297 |
12 | 60 | 1 | 10,000 | B | 2.6632 | 1042.35 | 4.765 × 10–4 | 0.038 | 9.670 |
13 | 80 | 1.5 | 20,000 | B | 2.5740 | 557.21 | 8.359 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.158 |
14 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.6055 | 744.08 | 6.711 × 10–4 | 0.045 | 9.295 |
15 | 60 | 1 | 10,000 | A | 2.6488 | 946.88 | 5.243 × 10–4 | 0.041 | 9.558 |
16 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.5835 | 548.90 | 8.318 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.102 |
17 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.5675 | 552.89 | 8.501 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.129 |
18 | 80 | 1 | 10,000 | B | 2.5886 | 588.15 | 8.071 × 10–4 | 0.051 | 9.175 |
19 | 70 | 2 | 20,000 | B | 2.5598 | 535.17 | 8.415 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.186 |
20 | 60 | 1.5 | 20,000 | B | 2.6388 | 943.09 | 5.314 × 10–4 | 0.040 | 9.129 |
21 | 70 | 2 | 0 | A | 2.5481 | 567.07 | 8.395 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.166 |
22 | 70 | 2 | 0 | B | 2.5566 | 554.99 | 7.766 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.268 |
23 | 60 | 1.5 | 0 | A | 2.5980 | 743.88 | 5.833 × 10–4 | 0.046 | 9.486 |
24 | 80 | 1.5 | 0 | A | 2.5578 | 631.66 | 7.84Ex10–4 | 0.049 | 9.189 |
25 | 70 | 1 | 20,000 | A | 2.5842 | 574.64 | 8.336 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.147 |
26 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.6073 | 815.98 | 6.028 × 10–4 | 0.043 | 9.290 |
27 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.5897 | 593.05 | 7.980 × 10–4 | 0.051 | 9.199 |
28 | 60 | 1.5 | 0 | B | 2.6202 | 845.60 | 5.012 × 10–4 | 0.042 | 9.710 |
29 | 70 | 1 | 0 | B | 2.5400 | 558.19 | 8.504 × 10–4 | 0.052 | 9.159 |
30 | 80 | 2 | 10,000 | B | 2.6010 | 623.01 | 7.503 × 10–4 | 0.050 | 9.270 |
31 | 70 | 1 | 20,000 | B | 2.5645 | 556.09 | 8.927 × 10–4 | 0.053 | 9.001 |
32 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | B | 2.5524 | 524.56 | 9.457 × 10–4 | 0.054 | 8.978 |
33 | 70 | 1.5 | 10,000 | A | 2.5475 | 495.47 | 9.894 × 10–4 | 0.055 | 8.891 |
34 | 80 | 1 | 10,000 | A | 2.5988 | 640.00 | 7.444 × 10–4 | 0.049 | 9.255 |
