Table 1 Baseline demographics and pre-operative stroke-related characteristics by endocarditis cohort and stroke timing subgroup.
From: Preoperative stroke before cardiac surgery does not increase risk of postoperative stroke
Characteristics | Non-endocarditis | Infective endocarditis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Recent (n = 20) | Intermediate (n = 11) | Remote (n = 72) | p-value | Recent (n = 27) | Intermediate (n = 15) | Remote (n = 12) | p-value | |
Agea (years) | 59.0 ± 13.6 | 54.9 ± 19.3 | 63.3 ± 14.6 | 0.209 | 48.1 ± 16.1 | 49.5 ± 15.9 | 48.8 ± 12.4 | 0.942 |
Body mass indexa | 29.4 ± 5.7 | 29.0 ± 7.0 | 28 ± 6.1 | 0.395 | 27.3 ± 7.3 | 27.7 ± 11.1 | 30.5 ± 7.9 | 0.433 |
Female | 14 (70.0) | 4 (36.4) | 29 (38.9) | 0.05 | 8 (29.6) | 5 (33.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.929 |
Non-white race | 5 (25.0) | 2 (18.2) | 14 (19.4) | 0.861 | 9 (33.3) | 4 (26.7) | 4 (33.3) | 0.930 |
Smoker | 2 (10.0) | 4 (36.4) | 7 (9.7) | 0.086 | 7 (25.9) | 2 (13.3) | 3 (25.0) | > 0.999 |
Illicit drug use | 2 (10.0) | 3 (27.3) | 5 (6.9) | 0.082 | 11 (40.7) | 4 (26.7) | 5 (41.7) | 0.482 |
Dyslipidemia | 10 (50.0) | 9 (81.8) | 67 (93.1) | < 0.001 | 11 (40.7) | 7 (46.7) | 10 (83.3) | 0.043 |
Renal failure | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 2 (2.8) | 0.663 | 5 (18.5) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (25.0) | 0.758 |
Diabetes | 4 (20.0) | 6 (54.5) | 29 (40.3) | 0.135 | 8 (29.6) | 5 (33.3) | 6 (50.0) | 0.490 |
Chronic lung disease | 4 (20.0) | 4 (36.4) | 27 (37.5) | 0.383 | 6 (22.2) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0.899 |
Hypertension | 16 (80.0) | 8 (72.7) | 67 (93.1) | 0.043 | 10 (37) | 8 (53.3) | 10 (83.3) | 0.031 |
Prior MI | 1 (5.0) | 3 (27.3) | 33 (45.8) | 0.001 | 2 (7.4) | 5 (33.3) | 3 (25.0) | 0.080 |
Stroke-related | ||||||||
Carotid Stenosis | 3 (15.0) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (13.9) | 0.908 | 2 (9.5) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (10) | 0.834 |
History of TIA | 1 (5.0) | 2 (18.2) | 6 (8.3) | 0.545 | 1 (4) | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 0.468 |
Multiple prior strokes | 2 (10.0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0.292 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
Stroke variant | 0.375 | 0.400 | ||||||
Ischemic | 19 (95.0) | 10 (90.9) | 70 (97.2) | 22 (81.5) | 9 (60.0) | 11 (91.7) | ||
Hemorrhagic | 1 (5.0) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (13.3) | 0 (0) | ||
Complex/Combined | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.4) | 4 (14.8) | 4 (26.7) | 1 (8.3) | ||
Stroke location | 0.112 | 0.126 | ||||||
Diffuse | 13 (65.0) | 5 (45.5) | 22 (30.6) | 17 (63.0) | 11 (73.3) | 4 (33.3) | ||
ICA | 4 (25.0) | 4 (36.4) | 30 (41.7) | 7 (25.9) | 3 (20.0) | 8 (66.7) | ||
Vertebrobasilar | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 12 (16.7) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (6.7) | 0 | ||
Basal Ganglia | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 5 (6.9) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 0 | ||
Watershed | 2 (10.0) | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Symptoms | ||||||||
Ataxia | 1 (5.0) | 2 (18.2) | 15 (20.8) | 0.276 | 1 (3.7) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (8.3) | 0.788 |
Motor nerve defect | 14 (70.0) | 4 (36.4) | 36 (50.0) | 0.152 | 8 (29.6) | 5 (33.3) | 7 (58.3) | 0.236 |
Impaired consciousness | 6 (30.0) | 5 (45.5) | 17 (23.6) | 0.245 | 11 (40.7) | 10 (66.7) | 8 (66.7) | 0.171 |
Cranial nerve deficit | 4 (20.0) | 4 (36.4) | 34 (47.2) | 0.092 | 3 (11.1) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (25) | 0.511 |
Visual deficit | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 8 (11.1) | 0.629 | 2 (7.4) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (16.7) | 0.623 |
Seizures | 1 (5.0) | 2 (18.2) | 4 (5.6) | 0.224 | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 0 | > 0.999 |
Asymptomatic | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 3 (4.2) | 1.00 | 6 (22.2) | 2 (13.3) | 0 | 0.215 |
