Table 1 Demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study population (n = 261), grouped according to comorbidity index and serum adiponectin (mcg/ml) levels.

From: Comorbidity burden may explain adiponectin’s paradox as a marker of increased mortality risk in hemodialysis patients

 

CI ≤ 4 (n = 142)

CI > 4 (n = 119)

MANOVAb

Low Ada

(n = 78)

High Ad

(n = 64)

Low Ad

(n = 52)

High Ad

(n = 67)

Demographic and clinical characteristics

Age (years)

65.3 ± 15.5

68.2 ± 15.4

71.3 ± 10.1

71.0 ± 11.2

CI

Gender (men/women)c

42/58

60/40

73/27

75/25

CI, Ad

Vintage (months)d

1.46 ± 0.48

1.10 ± 0.52

1.44 ± 0.45

1.11 ± 0.58

Ad

DM (yes)c

47.4

50.8

71.2

71.6

CI

Comorbidity indexd

0.25 ± 0.24

0.30 ± 0.23

0.83 ± 0.10

0.86 ± 0.11

Ad, CI

Kt/V

1.43 ± 0.33

1.29 ± 0.31

1.35 ± 0.30

1.24 ± 0.25

Ad

Residual renal function (yes)c

50.0

59.3

47.8

60.0

NS

Smoking (yes)c

5.1

3.2

34.6

17.9

CI

Handgrip strength (kg)d

1.23 ± 0.29

1.19 ± 0.25

1.26 ± 0.21

1.22 ± 0.22

NS

 Men

1.45 ± 0.20

1.32 ± 0.17

1.34 ± 0.15

1.29 ± 0.18

CI, Ad

 Women

1.07 ± 0.23

1.00 ± 0.21

1.01 ± 0.20

0.98 ± 0.12

NS

Blood analyses

Albumin (g/dl)

3.84 ± 0.32

3.76 ± 0.38

3.73 ± 0.43

3.75 ± 0.34

NS

Transferrin (mg/dl)

167.8 ± 36.7

166.6 ± 30.6

169.3 ± 34.1

172.2 ± 23.4

NS

Creatinine (mg/dl)

8.07 ± 2.10

7.03 ± 2.37

7.51 ± 2.08

6.64 ± 1.84

Ad

Uric acid (mg/dl)

6.09 ± 1.25

5.68 ± 1.12

5.65 ± 0.91

5.55 ± 1.21

CI

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

150.8 ± 37.1

150.3 ± 38.8

141.7 ± 33.8

143.3 ± 32.7

NS

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

163.4 ± 90.8

144.4 ± 74.8

138.0 ± 69.4

150.9 ± 93.5

NS

Hemoglobin (g/dl)

11.0 ± 1.3

10.9 ± 1.2

11.3 ± 1.3

10.9 ± 1.1

NS

NLRd

0.50 ± 0.22

0.43 ± 0.47

0.55 ± 0.25

0.55 ± 0.19

CI

CRP (mg/L)d

0.89 ± 0.49

0.75 ± 0.49

0.98 ± 0.45

0.84 ± 0.47

Ad

IL-6 (pg/ml)d

0.84 ± 0.46

0.88 ± 0.34

0.99 ± 0.47

1.06 ± 0.36

CI

TNF-α (pg/ml)d

1.31 ± 0.18

1.40 ± 0.16

1.30 ± 0.15

1.37 ± 0.15

Ad

Acyl-Ghrelin (pg/ml)d

2.17 ± 0.39

2.03 ± 0.39

2.13 ± 0.41

1.96 ± 0.44

Ad

Leptin (ng/ml)d

0.63 ± 0.85

0.59 ± 1.07

0.54 ± 0.70

0.70 ± 0.68

NS

 Men

0.18 ± 1.08

0.43 ± 1.17

0.48 ± 0.73

0.57 ± 0.68

NS

 Women

0.93 ± 0.47

0.82 ± 0.88

0.72 ± 0.59

1.04 ± 0.57

NS

F2-IsoP (ng/ml)e

2.63 ± 1.36

2.39 ± 0.54

3.24 ± 1.44

2.49 ± 0.81

CI, Ad

Body composition analyses

BMI (kg/m2)

27.7 ± 5.6

26.4 ± 5.8

27.9 ± 5.4

27.0 ± 5.8

NS

WC (cm)

103.7 ± 15.0

100.2 ± 17.5

105.7 ± 12.4

107.1 ± 15.0

CI

ECW/TBW

0.38 ± 0.05

0.39 ± 0.07

0.39 ± 0.05

0.40 ± 0.05

NS

FMI (kg/m2)

10.2 ± 4.2

8.6 ± 4.1

9.3 ± 4.2

8.6 ± 4.5

Ad

LBMI (kg/m2)

17.5 ± 3.1

17.9 ± 2.7

18.5 ± 2.4

18.8 ± 2.7

NS

Phase angle (°)

5.0 ± 1.2

4.8 ± 1.4

4.6 ± 1.0

4.4 ± 1.5

CI

Nutritional scores

MISd

0.69 ± 0.32

0.77 ± 0.24

0.74 ± 0.31

0.74 ± 0.25

NS

GNRI

110.9 ± 12.3

106.3 ± 13.1

107.5 ± 12.6

107.5 ± 11.3

NS

  1. CI, comorbidity index; NS, non-significant; Ad, adiponectin; DM, diabetes mellitus; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; CRP, C-reactive protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; IL-6, interleukin-6; F2-IsoP, F2-isoprostanes; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; ECW/TBW, extra-cellular water to total body water ratio; FMI, fat mass index; LBMI, lean body mass index; MIS, malnutrition-inflammation score; GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index.
  2. aLow adiponectin was defined as adiponectin < 8.28 mcg/ml, the value below the median of distribution.
  3. bTwo-factor MANOVA. Significant (p < 0.05) effects are given for comorbidity index (CI), adiponectin (Ad), and the interaction of comorbidity index with adiponectin (CI × Ad).
  4. cAssessed by χ2 test.
  5. dContinuous variables that did not follow a normal distribution (dialysis vintage, comorbidity index, handgrip strength, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, acyl-ghrelin, leptin and MIS) were log-transformed before their insertion into this model.
  6. eF2-IsoP levels were randomly measured in 233 participants.
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