Table 1 Means and standard deviations or percentages at baseline of the control and experimental groups and their tests for statistical differences.
Variable | 50 Hz NMES group (n = 20) | 35 Hz NMES group (n = 21) | Control group (n = 20) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender (% male) | 65 | 51.7 | 60 | 0.948 |
Age (years) | 71.25 (6.99) | 70.14 (7.25) | 71.50 (7.56) | 0.816 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.33 (2.35) | 24.49 (2.31) | 26.19 (2.99) | 0.114 |
Time post-stroke (months) | 5.30 (2.13) | 6.19 (3.92) | 5.80 (3.24) | 0.673 |
MMSE | 27.10 (3.89) | 27.81 (3.34) | 27.35 (3.59) | 0.816 |
Stroke (% ischemic) | 75 | 61.9 | 80 | 0.45 |
Hemiparesis (% right) | 55 | 52.4 | 40 | 0.648 |
Aphasia (%) | 20 | 9.5 | 5 | 0.373 |
Dominant hand (% right) | 100 | 95.2 | 95 | 1 |
Shoulder control motor (%) | 65 | 47.6 | 50 | 0.523 |
Hypertension (%) | 40 | 47.6 | 45 | 0.949 |
Diabetes (%) | 35 | 23.8 | 35 | 0.735 |
Ex-smokers (%) | 60 | 33.3 | 45 | 0.26 |
Pain (%) | 70 | 71.4 | 55 | 0.501 |
Wrist resting angle (º) | − 10.50 (10.87) | − 10.48 (9.74) | − 5.50 (5.60) | 0.138 |
Wrist active extension (º) | 13.10 (6.54) | 17.57 (11.89) | 19.25 (18.01) | 0.309 |
Wrist passive extension (º) | 36.25 (14.77) | 46.43 (12.56) | 40.75 (16.65) | 0.094 |
MCP resting angle (º) | − 35.00 (15.64) | − 37.14 (13.93) | − 29.75 (17.28) | 0.308 |
MCP active extension (º) | 6.00 (9.95) | 15.24 (13.83) | 12.75 (12.19) | 0.05 |
Grip strength (kgf) | 3.81 (3.01) | 5.83 (4.70) | 4.80 (6.30) | 0.417 |
Pinch strength (kgf) | 1.67 (1.55) | 2.44 (2.12) | 2.09 (2.39) | 0.485 |
MAS score for wrist flexors | 2.05 (0.99) | 2.24 (0.77) | 1.85 (0.75) | 0.345 |
MAS score for MCP flexors | 1.65 (1.23) | 1.81 (0.98) | 1.35 (1.04) | 0.396 |
Peak EMG amplitude extensors (µV) | 62.75 (52.77) | 73.24 (42.40) | 89.95 (112.86) | 0.521 |
ACR extensors (%) | 45.25 (12.52) | 39.70 (12.65) | 42.35 (12.05) | 0.366 |
BBT | 5.55 (5.52) | 6.05 (7.71) | 8.55 (10.05) | 0.447 |
Barthel Index | 59.50 (13.85) | 60.71 (14.26) | 58.25 (17.11) | 0.873 |
