Table 5 Means, standard deviations, mean differences, confidence intervals and effect sizes of functional outcome measures in all the time points.

From: A randomised clinical trial comparing 35 Hz versus 50 Hz frequency stimulation effects on hand motor recovery in older adults after stroke

 

Control group (n  = 20)

35 Hz NMES (n  = 21)

50 Hz NMES (n  = 20)

Measure

Testing time

Mean (SD)

MD (CI 95%)

ES (d)

Mean (SD)

MD (CI 95%)

ES (d)

Mean (SD)

MD (CI 95%)

ES (d)

BBT

Baseline

8.55 (10.05)

  

6.05 (7.71)

  

5.55 (5.52)

  

1-month

11.05 (13.20)

− 2.50 (− 4.97, − 0.02)*

− 0.28

9.57 (8.86)

− 3.52 (− 5.93, − 1.11)*

− 0.42

8.70 (9.11)

− 3.15 (− 5.62, − 0.67)*

− 0.29

2-months

12.20 (12.95)

− 3.65 (− 7.11, − 0.18)*

− 0.31

11.62 (9.89)

− 5.57 (− 8.95, − 2.19)*

− 0.63

10.75 (9.51)

− 5.20 (− 8.66, − 1.73)*

− 0.66

Follow-up

13.50 (14.04)

− 4.95 (− 9.85, − 0.04)*

− 0.40

13.90 (11.64)

− 7.85 (− 12.64, − 3.06)*

− 0.80

14.10 (13.63)

− 8.55 (− 13.45, − 3.64)*

− 0.82

Barthel Index

Baseline

58.25 (17.11)

  

60.71 (14.26)

  

59.50 (13.85)

  

1-month

60.75 (18.01)

− 2.50 (− 6.89, 1.89)

− 0.14

69.29 (9.78)

− 8.57 (− 12.86, − 4.28)*

− 0.70

62.25 (13.72)

− 2.75 (− 7.14, 1.64)

− 0.20

2-months

63.00 (18.60)

− 4.75 (− 10.82, 1.32)

− 0.27

74.76 (13.08)

− 14.04 (− 19.97, − 8.12)*

− 1.02

63.50 (14.15)

− 4.00 (− 10.07, 2.07)

− 0.29

Follow-up

64.50 (19.66)

− 6.25 (− 12.40, − 0.09)*

− 0.34

79.05 (13.10)

− 18.33 (− 24.33, − 12.32)*

− 1.34

64.25 (14.98)

− 4.75 (− 10.90, 1.40)

− 0.33

  1. BBT Box and Block Test, SD Standard deviation, MD Mean difference (baseline minus each time), CI 95% Confidence interval 95%, ES Effect size; d Cohen’s d; * The difference is statistically significant p < .05.
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