Figure 3

(a) Normalized angular emission characteristics of MIB-OLED and planar B-OLED with dipole emitters horizontally aligned to (a) x-axis (Px) and (b) y-axis (Py), and that are vertically aligned along the (c) z-axis (Pz). The coordinate orientation is given in Fig. 2e,g. (d) Angular emission characteristics of MIB-OLED and planar B-OLED normalized by the maximum value of MIB-OLED with isotropic dipole orientation (Pxyz). (e) Enhancement of out-coupled intensity of MIB-OLED in reference to that of planar B-OLED with respect to the emission angle. Dotted line in red indicates where out-coupled intensity of MIB-OLED and planar B-OLED are equal. (f) Normalized angular emission characteristics of MIB-OLED and planar B-OLED with isotropic dipole orientation in comparison with a Lambertian pattern. Spatial distribution of time-averaged power with respect to the dipole emitter orientation: (g–i) MIB-OLED and (j–l) planar B-OLED in the zx plane. Red arrows indicate spatial distribution of time-averaged Poynting vectors on the top surface of a glass substrate.