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Figure 1

From: Maternal exposure to a high-magnitude earthquake during pregnancy influences pre-reading skills in early childhood

Figure 1

Effect of prenatal exposure and timing of exposure to 27F earthquake on pre-reading skills. (A–E) Scores obtained by unexposed and exposed children for each pre-reading skill. ***p < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U test). (A′–E′) Distribution (%) of children per category of achievement. Categories considered were 1: “delayed”; 2: “normal”; 3: “very good”; 4: “outstanding. ***p < 0.001 exposed vs. unexposed (Fisher’s exact test). (A″–E″) Scores obtained by exposed children according to the gestational trimester of exposure. T1: first trimester; T2: second trimester; T3: third trimester. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 (Dunn’s test—multiple pairwise comparisons).

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