Figure 4
The EDL demonstrated differences in eight amino acid-related compounds. (a–c) In the EDL, arginine, serine and tyrosine were reduced in both the CKD and CKD-W with the exception of an arginine reduction in the CKD-W group (p = 0.09). (d) 4-hydroxyproline was increased in the CKD-W group only, no difference between CKD and NL (p = 0.056). (e–g) The potential markers of oxidative stress found in the soleus, including taurine, carnosine and citrulline have the same significant pattern in the EDL. (h) Alanine was reduced in the CKD-W rats compared to NL. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 9–12 rats each group). *P < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ⎴ (NL vs. CKD comparison); ← → (NL vs. CKD-W comparison); l—l (CKD vs. CKD-W comparison).
