Table 1 Descriptive table of the study participants and comparisons between psychiatric patients and healthy controls.

From: Neuroticism is positively associated with leptin/adiponectin ratio, leptin and IL-6 in young adults

 

Total study population (N = 218)

Healthy controls (n = 46)

Psychiatric patients (n = 172)

General characteristics

Sex: Female, n (%)

168 (77)

36 (78)

132 (77)

Age, years, median (IQR)

21.00 (3.00)

22.00 (3.00)

21.00 (4.00)***

Smoking, n (%)b

52 (24)

1 (2)

51 (30)***

Educational level: University, n (%)

127 (58)

45 (98)

82 (48)***

Psychiatric characteristics

Neuroticism score, mean (SD)

59.10 (8.75)

50.39 (5.92)

61.43 (7.88)***

Antidepressants, n (%)a

82 (38)

0 (0)

82 (48)***

Any anxiety disorder, n (%)

108 (50)

0 (0)

108 (63)***

Current MDD, n (%)

74 (34)

0 (0)

74 (43)***

Life-time unipolar depressive episode, n (%)

124 (57)

3 (7)

121 (70)***

Bipolar disorder, n (%)

27 (12)

0 (0)

27 (16)**

Substance addiction, n (%)

16 (7)

0 (0)

16 (9)*

Somatic status

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)c

22.41 (4.80)

22.38 (2.67)

22.49 (5.63)

WHR, median (IQR)d

0.76 (0.08)

0.74 (0.07)

0.76 (0.08)**

SBP, mmHg, median (IQR)e

119.00 (10.00)

110.00 (15.00)

120.00 (10.00)*

DBP, mmHg, median (IQR)e

70.00 (5.00)

70.00 (10.00)

65.50 (5.00)*

Biomarkers of interest

L/A ratio, median (IQR)

1.35 (2.09)

1.17 (1.19)

1.47 (2.37)

Leptin, ng/mL, median (IQR)

14.00 (17.46)

11.48 (12.13)

16.31 (20.85)*

Adiponectin, ug/mL, median (IQR)

9.45 (4.49)

9.36 (4.09)

9.45 (4.69)

CRP, mg/L, median (IQR)f

0.79 (2.10)

0.46 (0.64)

1.00 (2.51)*

IL-6, pg/mL, median (IQR)f

0.29 (0.34)

0.23 (0.22)

0.33 (0.37)**

TNF-α, pg/mL, median (IQR)f

1.86 (1.02)

1.91 (0.97)

1.85 (1.18)

  1. To test if there was a significant difference between patients and controls, the Chi-square test (or Fisher’s test when applicable) was used for the categorical variables and the Mann–Whitney test for the continuous variables.
  2. IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, WHR Waist-hip ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, L/A leptin/adiponectin.
  3. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
  4. aSSRI, SNRI, tricylic antidepressants, Mirtazapine, Mianserin or Buproprion.
  5. Missing data for: bFourteen controls and forty-nine patients; cFour patients; dThirteen patients and two controls; eTwo patients; fSixteen patients.
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