Table 1 Maternal characteristics (n = 504).

Basic characteristics

Age (years)^a

30.4 ± 4.9

Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)^a

21.2 ± 3.2

Parity (primiparous)^b

240 (47.6)

Smoking in the 3rd trimester (yes)^b

92 (18.3)

Alcohol consumption during pregnancy (yes)^b

154 (30.6)

Annual household income (≥ 5 million Japanese yen)^b

152 (30.2)

Maternal serum levels and sampling period

PFOS (ng/mL)^c

5.4 (4.0, 7.4)

PFOA (ng/mL)^c

1.4 (0.9, 2.0)

Triglyceride (mg/100 mL)^c

80.2 (9.8, 447.5)

Palmitic acid (μg/mL)^c

1,875.9 (1,506.6, 2,410.2)

Palmitoleic acid (μg/mL)^c

101.9 (75.5, 149.6)

Stearic acid (μg/mL)^c

524.0 (427.5, 621.8)

Oleic acid (μg/mL)^c

1,098.5 (844.8, 1,405.5)

Linoleic acid (μg/mL)^c

688.6 (478.2, 917.0)

α-linolenic acid (μg/mL)^c

9.6 (5.0, 14.6)

Arachidonic acid (μg/mL)^c

63.9 (43.7, 93.5)

EPA (μg/mL)^c

8.4 (4.0, 13.4)

DHA (μg/mL)^c

25.7 (14.8, 38.3)

Blood sampling period (gestational days)^b

231.2 ± 25.2