Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Erosion of tropical bird diversity over a century is influenced by abundance, diet and subtle climatic tolerances

Figure 4

NMDS ordination of species and sampling units in species space. Subregions indicated by abbreviations, with colored dots corresponding to group membership based on hierarchical cluster analysis (Fig. 3). Numbers after BCI indicate census period. Bird species are represented by hollow gray shapes. Squares denote transisthmian birds—those occurring along the entire Panama Canal; triangles represent birds that occur in exclusively wet, Atlantic subregions. Red line is a successional vector connecting BCI censuses in chronological order. Dark blue lines and text indicate the strength and direction of significant associations between environmental variables and axes.

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