Table 2 Cox proportional hazard models of V. pensylvanica colony survival. *Indicates p < 0.05, **indicates p < 0.01; ***indicates p < 0.001.

From: Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history

Year

Colonies

Predictors

β

se(β)

z

P

2016

All (n = 74)

Moku load (high)

0.73

0.25

2.85

0.004**

Arsenophonus sp. load

−0.06

0.03

−1.77

0.08

Trypanosomatids (present)

−0.38

0.53

−0.73

0.47

Site (KK)

0.60

0.27

2.19

0.03*

Wasp colony density

−0.21

0.10

−2.24

0.02*

Expt (n = 53)

Moku load (high)

0.56

0.31

1.78

0.08

Arsenophonus sp. load

−0.02

0.04

−0.69

0.49

Trypanosomatids (present)

−0.57

0.56

−1.03

0.30

Treatment (feed)

0.43

0.29

1.49

0.14

Site (KK)

0.89

0.34

2.66

0.007**

Wasp colony density

−0.13

0.10

−1.27

0.20

2017

Expt (n = 37)

Moku load (high)

−0.07

0.52

−0.13

0.90

Arsenophonus sp. load

0.04

0.03

1.28

0.20

Feeding (fed)

−0.53

0.43

−1.24

0.22

Site (KK)

0.53

0.46

1.15

0.26

Wasp colony density

−0.11

0.29

−0.39

0.70

  

Warming (coned)

0.21

0.38

0.57

0.57

2019

Expt (n = 41)

Feeding (fed)

0.08

0.34

0.23

0.82

Warming (coned)

−0.14

0.34

−0.42

0.67

  1. Note: bold lines indicate significant predictors. Positive coefficients (β) indicate a higher estimated hazard rate, i.e. reduced survival. Wasp colony density refers to the number of wasp colonies within 100 m of a focal colony. “Expt” colonies were those that were included in the feeding experiment in each year.
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