Figure 2
From: Simulation-based biomechanical assessment of unpowered exoskeletons for running

Metabolic rate. Metabolic rate versus the stiffness coefficient (N \(=7\); ANOVA with second order model; random effect: participant; fixed effects: spring coefficient and square of spring coefficient; \(P_{scoef}<0.0001\), \(P_{scoef^2}<0.0001\)). The maximum metabolic rate reduction is \(4.62\pm 0.29\%\) (mean ± s.e.m) at \(\alpha ^*=0.6\) (paired two-sided t-test with correction for multiple comparisons; \(P=0.0001\)). The dashed line is the quadratic best fitted profile to average metabolic costs (\(R^2=0.98\), \(P<0.0001\)).