Figure 3

Perceptual ratings of odors that possess properties that are informative for the distinction between normosmic and hyposmic subjects, or that lack such properties. (A) Tree map of odor property assessments. The figure is a structured representation of the results of the item categorization analysis in a hierarchical order. The first level represents the grouping of the odor property ratings in terms of the information they provide for distinguishing normosmic from hyposmic subjects. The subsequent levels show perceptual properties and odors separated from each other. The second level represents the perceptual properties. The size of the rectangles corresponds to the number of odors that possess the respective property in connection with the separation of normosmic and hyposmic test persons. The third level represents the individual odors that possess the respective property that has been found to be informative or non-informative for the separation of olfactory diagnoses. (B) Histograms of the pooled ratings of seven properties for all odors. The dotted and dashed perpendicular lines mark the medians of the respective ratings, separately for normosmic (dashed) and hyposmic (dotted) subjects. (C) Venn diagram showing the sets observed between two groups of odors identified to represent characteristics that best distinguish between olfactory diagnoses or, on the other hand, are least distinctive between olfactory diagnoses (Table 2). The figure has been created using the R software package (version 4.0.3 for Linux; https://CRAN.R-project.org/⁴⁰) and the R libraries RAM” (https://cran.r-project.org/package=RAM⁷⁰), “ggplot2” (https://cran.r-project.org/package=ggplot2⁷¹) and “treemapify” (https://cran.r-project.org/package=treemapify⁷²).