Figure 1
From: Ultraviolet radiation protection potentials of Methylene Blue for human skin and coral reef health
MB alleviates DNA damage induced by UVB irradiation in human keratinocytes. (A) Schematic diagram showing the experimental timeline starting from pre-incubation of keratinocytes with 100 nM MB or PBS for 2 weeks, then exposure to UVB light, and ending with cell pellets collection before irradiation (time 0), and 2 or 24 h post-irradiation for Western blotting analysis. (B) Representative Western blotting images with anti-γH2AX, H2AX, and β-actin antibodies showing DNA damage response after 2 h of UVB irradiation at different dosages. No UVB control is designated as “⎯”. (C) Quantification of γH2AX band intensities shown in (B), which is normalized to total H2AX. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 MB versus Control at the same dose. (D,F) Representative Western blotting images with anti-γH2AX, H2AX, and β-actin antibodies in human keratinocytes. The cell pellet samples were collected at 0, 2, or 24 h after UVB irradiation at 5 J/cm2 (D) or 10 J/cm2 (F). Zero hour control is designated as “⎯”. (E, G) Quantification of γH2AX band intensities shown in (D,F), which is normalized to total H2AX. * p < 0.05; MB versus Control at the same time point.
