Figure 3
From: Tipping points induced by parameter drift in an excitable ocean model
Transition from the excitable regime to the RO regime for a ramp forcing in Eq. (2). (a) Time dependence of the factor G(t) in the forcing for \(\gamma = 0.9 < \gamma _{\mathrm{c}} = 1\), \(\alpha =0.3\), \(\tau =800\) year, and \(\beta =0\); (b) corresponding response of \(\Psi _{3}(t)\); see text for the choice of initial states. (c, d) Same as panels (a, b) but for \(\beta = 0.05\) and perturbation period \(T=5\) year.
