Table 1 Description of HCs and patients with PD (n = 400).

Occupational situation, n (%)

0.42

Working

31 (15.5)

24 (12.0)

Retired

156 (78.0)

160 (80.0)

Disability

10 (5.0)

15 (7.5)

Looking for a job

3 (1.5)

1 (0.5)

Occupational class when working, n (%)

0.10

Craft trade and firm managers

1/31 (3.2)

4/24 (16.7)

Upper managerial staff and professionals

7/31 (22.6)

5/24 (20.8)

Intermediary occupations

5/31 (16.1)

0/24 (0.0)

Clerks and employees

18/31 (58.1)

15/24 (62.5)

BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)

25.9 (4.2)

25.1 (4.1)

0.07

Range, n (%)

0.04

 < 18.5 (Underweight)

1 (0.5)

10 (5.0)

18.5 to < 25.0 (Normal weight)

90 (45.0)

91 (45.5)

25.0 to < 30.0 (Overweight)

83 (41.5)

80 (40.0)

 ≥ 30.0 (Obesity)

26 (13.0)

19 (9.5)

Age at PD onset (years), mean (SD)

–

60.2 (10.0)

–

Disease duration (years), median [IQR]

–

5.8 [3.0; 10.7]

–

MDS-UPDRS on medication, mean (SD)

Part I

–

1.7 (1.8)

–

Part III

–

16.7 (9.8)

–

PD medication

Cumulative LEDD (mg/day), median [IQR]

–

500 [257; 850]

–

Levodopa medication alone, n (%)

–

54 (27.0)

–

Levodopa dose (mg/day), median [IQR]

–

375 [83; 600]

–

DA medication, n (%)

–

101 (50.5)

–

DA dose (LEDD, mg/day), median [IQR]

–

35 [0; 210]

–

Punding, n (%)

62 (31.0)

54 (27.0)

0.38

Compulsive buying, n (%)

5 (2.5)

17 (8.5)

0.008

Pathological gambling, n (%)

2 (1.0)

7 (3.5)

0.18

Hypersexuality, n (%)

3 (1.5)

7 (3.5)

0.20

HADS

HADS-anxiety score, mean (SD)

7.6 (3.8)

8.3 (4.1)

0.11

Anxiety cases, n (%)

41 (20.5)

58 (29.0)

0.049

HADS-depression score, mean (SD)

4.5 (3.5)

6.6 (3.9)

< 0.001

Depression cases, n (%)

12 (6.0)

30 (15.0)

0.003

BIS-11, mean (SD)

Total score

55.0 (8.5)

57.1 (9.4)

0.02

Motor factor

17.1 (3.3)

17.2 (3.8)

0.64

Non-planning factor

22.0 (4.2)

23.5 (4.6)

< 0.001

Attentional factor

16.0 (3.1)

16.3 (3.6)

0.30