Figure 5

Reversible transformation of vesicle and micelles (a) and assembly/disassembly of pH-sensitive AuNPs (b) using the non-autonomous pH oscillator (sinusoidal function, \(\varphi\) = π, \( T_{{{\text{acid}}}} = T_{{{\text{base}}}} = 300 \,{\text{s}}\)). The concentrations of the acid and alkaline solutions in the input feed were 0.1 M (\(c_{{{\text{H}}^{ + } }}^{0} = c_{{{\text{OH}}^{ - } }}^{0} = 0.1\, {\text{M}})\), respectively.