Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to quartiles of dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes

From: Dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes and risk of stroke in Chinese adults

Characteristics1

Total

Calcium intake

P

Magnesium intake

P

Phosphorus intake

P

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

Q1

Q4

No. of subjects (n)

6411

1602

1603

 

1602

1603

 

1603

1603

 

Age at cohort entry (years)

56.0

57.0

55.9

 < 0.001

57.9

55.1

 < 0.001

58.1

54.6

 < 0.001

Man (%)

48.2

39.4

55.1

 < 0.001

34.8

62.4

 < 0.001

32.6

64.9

 < 0.001

Urbanization Index (%)

   

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

  

0.01

Low

33.3

39.1

23.6

 

27.2

39.8

 

32.7

35.3

 

Medium

33.3

33.8

31.7

 

31.7

36.5

 

32.6

34.0

 

High

33.4

27.1

44.7

 

41.2

23.6

 

34.7

30.7

 

Education attained (%)

   

 < 0.001

  

0.66

  

 < 0.001

Primary

77.7

82.9

71.2

 

78.4

79.3

 

81.8

74.1

 

Secondary

13.2

11.2

15.1

 

13.2

13.7

 

11.3

15.4

 

College/University

9.1

5.9

13.7

 

8.4

9.2

 

6.9

10.5

 

Household income (%)

   

 < 0.001

  

0.07

  

 < 0.001

Low

44.5

53.9

32.8

 

47.1

41.8

 

50.8

37.2

 

Middle

33.6

29.3

37.6

 

31.0

36.6

 

31.5

36.6

 

High

21.9

16.8

29.6

 

22.0

21.6

 

17.7

26.2

 

Smoker (%)

34.6

29.3

39.4

 < 0.001

24.7

44.4

 < 0.001

25.1

45.6

 < 0.001

Alcohol consumption (%)

34.1

24.2

42.3

 < 0.001

23.2

45.5

 < 0.001

22.0

47.3

 < 0.001

Physical activity level (%)

   

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

  

 < 0.001

Light

31.3

40.5

29.3

 

42.1

29.4

 

42.4

27.6

 

Moderate

35.3

29.6

37.9

 

33.9

30.6

 

32.3

32.3

 

Vigorous

33.4

29.9

32.8

 

24.0

39.9

 

25.3

40.0

 

BMI (kg/m2)

23.6

23.1

23.9

 < 0.001

23.3

23.6

0.03

23.2

23.8

 < 0.001

Hypertension (%)

38.5

40.6

38.8

0.31

42.4

35.1

 < 0.001

40.9

36.3

0.01

Diabetes (%)

2.6

3.0

2.4

0.04

2.2

2.2

0.99

2.7

2.4

0.82

Myocardial infarction (%)

0.5

0.8

0.5

0.27

0.9

0.4

0.07

0.9

0.3

0.04

Medication use (%)

9.5

8.2

11.3

0.01

11.6

8.2

0.01

10.8

8.7

0.04

Nutrient intake

Energy (kcal/d)

2220.9

1830.8

2544.9

 < 0.001

1694.7

2768.5

 < 0.001

1638.4

2832.6

 < 0.001

Whole grain (g/d)

403.8

356.2

420.8

 < 0.001

313.5

504.4

 < 0.001

310.7

509.8

 < 0.001

Red meat (g/d)

71.9

58.1

86.0

 < 0.001

61.6

74.1

 < 0.001

46.7

90.6

 < 0.001

fruits (g/d)

43.7

25.9

69.5

 < 0.001

29.6

51.9

 < 0.001

30.9

48.7

 < 0.001

vegetables (g/d)

347.8

267.7

431.2

 < 0.001

267.9

420.5

 < 0.001

272.9

419.5

 < 0.001

SFA (g/d)

9.6

8.0

11.7

 < 0.001

8.4

11.0

 < 0.001

7.7

11.4

 < 0.001

PUFA (g/d)

16.9

13.3

20.8

 < 0.001

13.5

20.7

 < 0.001

13.3

20.6

 < 0.001

Cereal fiber (g/d)

12.0

8.0

15.6

 < 0.001

7.6

18.0

 < 0.001

8.0

17.5

 < 0.001

Na (mg/d)

5413.2

4349.7

6434.1

 < 0.001

4305.1

6709.1

 < 0.001

4510.1

6358.2

 < 0.001

K (mg/d)

1690.7

1258.9

2233.6

 < 0.001

1178.6

2312.1

 < 0.001

1169.9

2318.5

 < 0.001

Cholesterol (g/d)

261.4

198.9

342.4

 < 0.001

226.5

286.1

 < 0.001

180.8

328.3

 < 0.001

  1. BMI, body mass index; SFA, Saturated fatty acid; PUFA, Polyunsaturated fatty acids.
  2. 1Data are expressed as mean values for continuous variables or percentage (%) for categorical variables.
  3. The t-test is used for the continuous variables with normal distribution. The non-parametric test is applied to the continuous variables with non-normal distribution, and the chi-square test is used for the classified variables.
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