Table 3 Stratified hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals)1 of stroke according to quartiles of dietary calcium intake by various characteristics of participants.

From: Dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus intakes and risk of stroke in Chinese adults

 

Dietary calcium intake

P for trend2

P for interaction3

Q 1 (low)

Q 2

Q 3

Q 4 (high)

Sex4

Man

1.00

0.53 (0.31, 0.91)

0.53 (0.29, 0.97)

0.33 (0.15, 0.76)

0.02

0.03

Women

1.00

1.95 (0.92, 4.14)

0.93 (0.38, 2.35)

1.24 (0.46, 3.35)

0.89

 

Age (years)

 < 60

1.00

0.68 (0.37, 1.27)

0.59 (0.28, 1.24)

0.28 (0.09, 0.80)

0.02

0.06

 ≥ 60

1.00

1.09 (0.59, 2.00)

0.73 (0.36, 1.48)

0.90 (0.39, 2.06)

0.66

 

Cigarette smoking

Yes

1.00

0.82 (0.41, 1.61)

0.81 (0.37, 1.77)

0.93 (0.37, 2.32)

0.95

0.99

No

1.00

0.90 (0.51, 1.59)

0.59 (0.31, 1.13)

0.30 (0.12, 0.74)

0.01

 

Alcohol drinking

Yes

1.00

0.63 (0.31, 1.30)

0.64 (0.29, 1.43)

0.39 (0.14, 1.18)

0.11

0.15

No

1.00

1.02 (0.59, 1.74)

0.62 (0.32, 1.18)

0.58 (0.26, 1.27)

0.11

 

BMI (kg/m2)

 < 24

1.00

0.69 (0.37, 1.30)

0.66 (0.33, 1.32)

0.53 (0.20, 1.38)

0.21

0.87

24 ~ 28

1.00

0.88 (0.57, 1.34)

0.78 (0.48, 1.26)

0.59 (0.32, 1.09)

0.09

 

 > 28

1.00

1.27 (0.47, 3.41)

0.98 (0.31, 3.08)

1.12 (0.27, 4.64)

0.97

 

Hypertension

Yes

1.00

1.23 (0.70, 2.13)

0.62 (0.31, 1.24)

0.80 (0.36, 1.76)

0.33

0.85

No

1.00

0.45 (0.22, 0.93)

0.55 (0.26, 1.17)

0.18 (0.06, 0.57)

0.01

 

Diabetes

      

Yes

1.00

0.41 (0.15, 1.23)

0.48 (0.21, 1.15)

0.26 (0.17, 0.93)

0.67

0.89

No

1.00

0.83 (0.54, 1.29)

0.60 (0.36, 1.00)

0.46 (0.23, 0.89)

0.02

 

Myocardial infarction

Yes

1.00

0.68 (0.33, 1.25)

0.78 (0.37, 1.44)

0.59 (0.18, 1.24)

0.23

0.33

No

1.00

0.87 (0.56, 1.35)

0.66 (0.39, 1.09)

0.52 (0.27, 1.00)

0.04

 
  1. 1Covariates: age (continuous), sex (men/woman), urbanization index (low, medium, high), education (primary, secondary, college/university), household income (low, middle, high), smoking status (yes/no), alcohol intake (yes/no), physical activity levels (light, moderate, vigorous), BMI (< 24, 24–28, or > 28 kg/m2), hypertension (yes/no), diabetes (yes/no), myocardial infarction (yes/no), medication use (yes/no), energy, whole grain, red meat, fruits, vegetables, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cereal fiber, Na, K and cholesterol intakes (continuous), except for the stratifying variables per se.
  2. 2P for trend values were calculated by modeling the median of each quartile-defined category as a continuous variable in the model.
  3. 3P for interaction values were calculated using the likelihood-ratio test.
  4. 4In the stratified analysis, characteristics of participants at baseline were used for stratification and adjustment.
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