Table 2 Results of the deep learning model VGG16 on Urticaceae pollen from an area representing 10% of the total deposition area of Hirst-type aerobiological samples from Leiden (the Netherlands), Lleida and Vielha (both Catalonia, Spain).

From: Neural networks for increased accuracy of allergenic pollen monitoring

Sample location

Date collected

No. Pollen

% Urtica

% Parietaria

% U. mem

% Unknown

Identity threshold

Leiden, NL

23/08/2019

112

85.7

4.5

0

9.8

60%

Lleida, SP

16/06/2019

63

14.3

81.0

0

4.8

60%

Vielha, SP

09/08/2019

26

69.2

19.2

0

11.5

60%

Leiden, NL

23/08/2019

112

83.0

3.6

0

13.4

70%

Lleida, SP

16/06/2019

63

12.7

79.4

0

7.9

70%

Vielha, SP

09/08/2019

26

69.2

11.5

0

19.2

70%

  1. Values in bold represent the highest accuracy scores obtained for each of the three classes.
  2. The threshold for identification was tested at 60% and 70%. Images that were classified below this level were classified as unknown. U.mem = Urtica membranacea.