Figure 2

Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree of C4(AC4) sequences of diverse geminivirus isolates. ML tree based on a Hasegawa, Kishino, and Yano model of evolution assuming a gamma distribution and invariable sites (HKY + G + I) showing genetic relationships among C4(AC4) sequences (nucleotides 1–255) from four genera of the family Geminiviridae; exemplary isolates from 200 species of the Begomovirus genus, 11 isolates from the Beet curly top virus species of the Curtovirus genus, four isolates of the Turnip curly top virus species and the single isolate of the Turnip leaf roll virus species from the Turncurtovirus genus, and Tomato pseudo-curly top virus, the single isolate in the Topocuvirus genus. The ML tree for C1(AC1) sequences (255 nucleotides) that the C4(AC4) genes overlap is highly identical and not shown. Gene sequences are taken from full-length genomic sequences and the GenBank accession number of each virus is indicated. Preceding or following the GenBank accession numbers in parentheses are the amino acid length of the respective C4(AC4) proteins and the designation for New World (NW) or Old World (OW). Numbers at branches represent bootstrap values (≥ 70% are shown) determined from 500 replicates. Since the ML trees for C4(AC4) and C1(AC1) are nearly identical, bootstrap values for C4(AC4) and C1(AC1) are separated by a slash. The bar near the top of the cladogram represents nucleotide substitutions per site for the C4(AC4) sequences. Virus isolate(s) in black text are begomoviruses, red text are curtoviruses, blue text are turncurtoviruses, green text is a topocuvirus.