Figure 6
Inhibitory effect of an RAR-α agonist on TGF-β2-induced SMAD2 phosphorylation in RPE cells. (a) Serum-deprived RPE cells were cultured in 24-well plates with or without Am580 (10 μM) for 6 h and then in the additional absence or presence of TGF-β2 (1 ng/ml) for the indicated times. Cell lysates were then prepared and subjected to immunoblot analysis with antibodies to total or phosphorylated (p-) forms of SMAD2 and to GAPDH (loading control). (b) The intensity of each phospho-SMAD2 band was normalized by that of the corresponding total SMAD2 band, and the normalized values were expressed relative to that for control cells at 0 h. Data are means ± s.d. from four independent experiments. The intensity of each immunoreactive bands was measured with the use of the Gels commands in ImageJ software. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 (Dunnett’s test).
