Table 1 Patient demographics and tumor characteristics.

Patients demographics

Gender, Male/Female

14/6

22/8

58/40

0.301

Age, year, median (range)

73 (49–87)

70 (42–876)

72.5 (34–90)

0.440 (S vs. Si)

0.786 (Si vs. Xi)

0.517 (Xi vs. S)

BMI, kg/m², median (range)

21.25 (17.4–25.5)

22.1 (15.4–32.1)

21.9 (14.0–30.5)

0.143 (S vs. Si)

0.687 (Si vs. Xi)

0.140 (Xi vs. S)

ASA score, 1/2/3

5/14/1

11/18/1

33/61/4

0.937

Comorbidity

Hypertension (%)

11 (55.0)

17 (56.7)

45 (45.9)

0.507

Diabetes (%)

6 (30.0)

6 (20.0)

16 (16.3)

0.358

Pulmonary (%)

0 (0)

2 (6.7%)

10 (10.2)

0.297

Cardiovascular (%)

3 (15.0)

3 (10.0%)

12 (12.2)

0.868

Renal (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

4 (4.1)

0.350

Hepatic (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (2.0)

0.596

Cerebrovascular (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

6 (6.1)

0.203

History of abdominal surgery, (%)

5 (25.0)

5 (16.7)

28 (28.6)

0.425

Open cholecystectomy

0

1

1

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

0

1

2

Appendectomy

2

4

13

Colorectal surgery

0

0

5

Gynecological surgery

2

0

9

Hepatectomy

0

0

1

Nephrectomy

1

0

0

Smoking history, Brinkman index, median (range)

25 (0–1500)

329.5 (0–4000)

300 (0–3000)

0.342 (S vs. Si) 0.522 (Si vs. Xi)

0.550 (Xi vs. S)

Daily drinker (%)

8 (40.0)

16 (53.3)

37 (37.8)

0.314

Tumor characteristics

Location, U (%)/M/L/W

6 (30.0)/5 (25.0)/9 (45.0)/0 (0)

8 (26.7)/5 (16.7)/16 (53.3)/1 (3.3)

27 (27.6)/29 (30.0)/39 (39.8)/3 (3.1)

0.791

Size, mm, median (range)

21 (4–45)

37.5 (20–90)

35 (8–150)

0.001 (S vs. Si)

0.972 (Si vs. Xi)

0.001 (Xi vs. S)

Histological type^a, differentiated (%)/undifferentiated

15 (75.0)/5 (25.0)

18 (60.0)/12 (40.0)

52 (53.1)/46 (46.9)

0.185

pStage^b, I (%)/II/III/IV

18 (90.0)/2 (10.0)/0 (0)/0 (0)

20 (66.7)/7 (23.3)/3 (10.0)/0 (0)

58 (59.2)/25 (25.5)/11 (11.2)/4 (4.1)

0.207