Table 3 Surgical results and postoperative complications.

From: Comparison of short-term surgical outcomes using da Vinci S, Si and Xi Surgical System for robotic gastric cancer surgery

Variables

da Vinci S (n = 20)

da Vinci Si (n = 30)

da Vinci Xi (n = 98)

P

Surgical results

Operative procedure, DG (%)/TG/PG

14 (70.0)/5 (25.0)/1 (5.0)

19 (63.3)/9 (30.0)/2 (6.7)

59 (60.2)/30 (30.6)/9 (9.2)

0.925

Lymph node dissectiona, D1 (%)/D1 + /D2/D2 + PAND

0 (0)/16 (80.0)/4 (20.0)/0 (0)

0 (0)/16 (53.3) /14 (46.7)/0 (0)

2 (2.0)/44 (44.9)/51 (52.0)/1 (1.0)

0.163

Reconstruction, BI (%)/BII/RY/EG/DT

8 (40.0)/5 (25.0)/6 (30.0)/1 (5.0)/0 (0)

11 (36.7)/6 (20.0)/11 (36.7)/1 (3.3)/1 (3.3)

31 (31.6)/9 (9.2)/49 (50.0)/2 (2.0)/7 (7.1)

0.329

Combined resection, yes (%)

Gall bladder/Spleen/Pancreas /Colon/Intestine/Renal (Partial)

0 (0)

0/0/0/0/0/0

1 (3.3)

1/0/0/0/0/0

19 (19.4)

9/7/3/1/0/1

0.013

Blood loss, ml, median (range)

35 (20–348)

25 (10–475)

25 (5–2540)

0.830 (S vs. Si)

    

0.707 (Si vs. Xi)

    

0.556 (Xi vs. S)

Intraoperative transfusion, yes (%)

0 (0)

1 (3.3)

1 (1.0)

0.538

No. of retrieved lymph nodes, median (range)

36 (21–84)

35 (10–81)

30 (10–103)

0.856 (S vs. Si)

    

0.247 (Si vs. Xi)

    

0.154 (Xi vs. S)

R classification R0a (%)

20 (100)

29 (96.7)

96 (98.0)

0.715

Postoperative complications

Overall complicationb, ≥ grade II (%)

2 (10.0)

4 (13.3)

8 (8.2)

0.696

Overall complication, ≥ grade IIIa (%)

1 (5.0)

4 (13.3)

6 (6.1)

0.380

Reoperation, grade IIIb (%)

0 (0)

1c (3.3)

1d (1.0)

0.538

Mortality (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Surgical complications

Anastomotic leakage, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

2 (6.7)

2 (2.0)

0.285

Pancreatic fistula, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Intra-abdominal abscess, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

3 (3.1)

0.458

Intra-abdominal bleeding, ≥ grade II (%)

2 (10)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.002

Intra-luminal bleeding, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

0.773

Ileus, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

1 (3.3)

0 (0)

0.093

Cholecystitis, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Stenosis, ≥ grade IIIa (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Wound infection, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

0.773

Medical complications

Pneumonia, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1 (1.0)

0.773

Cardiovascular system, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Liver system, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Urinary system, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

Thrombosis, ≥ grade II (%)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

1.000

  1. DG distal gastrectomy; TG total gastrectomy; PG proximal gastrectomy; PAND para-aortic nodal dissection; BI Billroth-I reconstruction; BII Billroth-II reconstruction; RY Roux-en-Y reconstruction; EG esophago-gastrostomy; DT double-tract reconstruction.
  2. aJapanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma.
  3. bSurgical complications were classified into five categories according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.
  4. cLaparoscopic surgery to repair the adhesive intestinal obstruction.
  5. dLaparoscopic resection of anastomotic ulcer for delayed anastomotic ulcer.
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