Table 5 Risk factors of moderate-to-severe white matter lesion.

From: High burden of cerebral white matter lesion in 9 Asian cities

Dependent variables

OR

95% CI

p*

Lower

Upper

All subjects (n = 5215)

Age

1.07

1.06

1.08

 < 0.001

Female

1.04

0.91

1.18

0.608

Level of education

0.99

0.98

1.00

0.087

HT

1.81

1.58

2.08

 < 0.001

DM

1.10

0.96

1.26

0.163

HLD

1.19

1.04

1.36

0.012

Hong Kong (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

Beijing

0.95

0.60

1.51

0.816

Bangkok

2.08

1.38

3.14

0.001

Bandung

45.41

25.72

80.19

 < 0.001

Seoul Korea

0.48

0.34

0.68

 < 0.001

Manilla

0.26

0.15

0.44

 < 0.001

Singapore

1.81

1.49

2.20

 < 0.001

Kaohsiung

0.48

0.35

0.66

 < 0.001

Control (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

AD/MCI

1.54

1.14

2.08

0.005

Stroke/TIA

1.90

1.49

2.43

 < 0.001

CT (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

MRI 1.5 T

1.37

1.00

1.86

0.047

MRI 3 T

1.75

1.33

2.32

 < 0.001

Stroke/TIA (n = 1786)

Age

1.07

1.06

1.08

 < 0.001

Female

1.26

1.01

1.57

0.040

Level of education

0.99

0.97

1.02

0.493

HT

1.79

1.40

2.30

 < 0.001

DM

1.08

0.87

1.35

0.482

HLD

1.21

0.97

1.51

0.092

Hong Kong (reference)

/

/

/

0.000

Bangkok

1.76

1.15

2.70

0.010

Bandung

44.01

24.28

79.77

 < 0.001

Singapore

0.72

0.44

1.19

0.200

Kaohsiung

0.37

0.26

0.52

 < 0.001

CT (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

MRI 1.5 T

1.23

0.89

1.70

0.216

MRI 3 T

2.19

1.59

3.00

 < 0.001

AD/MCI (n = 1633)

Age

1.06

1.05

1.08

 < 0.001

Female

0.81

0.63

1.04

0.095

Level of education

1.01

0.98

1.03

0.643

HT

1.76

1.40

2.22

 < 0.001

DM

1.07

0.83

1.38

0.602

HLD

1.12

0.86

1.45

0.404

Beijing (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

Seoul Korea

0.55

0.38

0.81

0.002

Manilla

0.29

0.17

0.48

 < 0.001

Singapore

2.71

1.69

4.35

 < 0.001

CT (reference)

/

/

/

0.993

MRI 1.5 T

/

/

/

0.999

MRI 3 T

/

/

/

0.999

Controls (n = 1796)

Age

1.10

1.08

1.12

 < 0.001

Female

0.94

0.75

1.18

0.591

Level of education

0.98

0.96

1.01

0.184

HT

1.97

1.52

2.55

 < 0.001

DM

1.15

0.91

1.45

0.233

HLD

1.12

0.88

1.43

0.356

Hong Kong (reference)

/

/

/

 < 0.001

Seoul Korea

1.13

0.65

1.95

0.671

Singapore

2.18

1.71

2.79

 < 0.001

  1. This table shows the vascular risk factors contributing to moderate-to-severe white matter lesion. Age, sex, level of education, Asian cities, disease groups, and image modality are entered as covariates in each regression model as appropriate.
  2. DM Diabetes mellitus, HLD Hyperlipidemia, HT Hypertension.
  3. *Bonferroni correction is applied to the alpha (α = 0.0125).
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